The impact of infection on gut microbiota-endocrine system axis; modulation of metabolic hormone levels and energy homeostasis.

The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that is involved in the development and preservation of the immune system, energy homeostasis and nutritional status of the host. The crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host cells modulates host physiology and metabolism through different mechanisms. () is known to reside in the gastric mucosa, induce inflammation, and alter both gastric and intestinal microbiota resulting in a broad spectrum of diseases, in particular metabolic syndrome-related disorders.