Optimal virtual water flows for improved food security in water-scarce countries.

The worsening water scarcity has imposed a significant stress on food production in many parts of the world. This stress becomes more critical when countries seek self-sufficiency. A literature review shows that food self-sufficiency has not been assessed as the main factor in determining the optimal cultivation patterns.

Modeling groundwater quality by using hybrid intelligent and geostatistical methods.

Simulation of groundwater quality is important for managing water resources and mitigating water shortages, especially in arid and semiarid areas. Geostatistical models have been used for spatial prediction and interpolation of groundwater parameters. Recently, hybrid intelligent models have been employed for the simulation of dynamic systems.