Pro-oxidant and degenerative effects of haloperidol under inflammatory conditions in rat; the involvement of SIRT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different doses of haloperidol (HP) on induction of oxidative stress in blood and liver cell degeneration in comparison with influences of HP pre-treatment on inflammatory process induced by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hundred twenty male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups (15 in each), including: Control group, LPS group, three groups as HP administration in three divided doses (0.50, 1.

β-LAPachone is renoprotective in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objectives: β-LAPachone (B-LAP) is a natural product with established anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the protective potential of B-LAP against diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice.

Materials And Methods: Diabetes induction in mice was carried out by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ.

Targeting PPAR ligands as possible approaches for metabolic reprogramming of T cells in cancer immunotherapy.

Despite the prominent progress in understanding cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms, there are some types of problems which have been identified to hinder effective and successful immunotherapy of cancers. Such problems have been ascribed to the tumor abilities in the creation of a tolerant milieu that can impair immune responses against cancer cells. In the present study, we represent possible approaches for metabolic reprogramming of T cells in cancer immunotherapy to overcome tumor metabolic impositions on immune responses against cancer cells.

Immune-mediated anti-tumor effects of metformin; targeting metabolic reprogramming of T cells as a new possible mechanism for anti-cancer effects of metformin.

Immunotherapy-based cancer treatment has revolutionized the era of cancer patients recuperation and it has brought a strong hope to treatment of some types of cancers. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, which has intensely been studied for its anticancer effects, is believed to have positive influences on immune responses against tumor cells. Metformin can affect metabolic pathways within cells mainly through activation of AMPK.

Major fundamental factors hindering immune system in defense against tumor cells: The link between insufficiency of innate immune responses, metabolism, and neurotransmitters with effector immune cells disability.

Despite the major progresses in comprehending the mechanisms of tumor immunosurveillance and the role of innate and adaptive immune systems in recent years, there are still a number of obstacles hindering successful and effective immunotherapy of cancer. Such obstacles have been mainly attributed to the ability of tumors in creating a tolerant microenvironment and exploiting a plethora of immunosuppressive factors that counter effective immune responses against tumor cells. Here we represent a new insight into probable links between immune system disability with metabolism and chronic psychological stress which is beyond the other strategies recruited by tumors to thwart tumor immunosurveillance.

New potentials for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzymeA reductase inhibitors: Possible applications in retarding diabetic complications.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world and it is apparent that treatment of diabetic complications has the same importance as primary diabetes treatment and glycemic control. Diabetic complications occur as a result of prolonged hyperglycemia and its consequences, such as advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species. Impairment of lipid profile is also contributed to worsening diabetic complications.

Polyelectrolyte Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Enhanced Delivery of Doxorubicin in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells: Toxicological Evaluations in Mice Model.

Purpose: Chemotherapy as an important tool for cancer treatment faces many obstacles such as multidrug resistance and adverse toxic effects on healthy tissues. Drug delivery systems have opened a new window to overcome these problems.

Methods: A polyelectrolyte carboxymethyl cellulose polymer as a magnetic nanocarrier was synthesized for enhancing delivery and uptake of doxorubicin in MCF7 breast cancer cells and decreasing the adverse toxic effects to healthy tissues.

β-Lapachone protects against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via NAD/AMPK/NF-kB in mice.

β-Lapachone (B-LAP) is a natural naphtaquinone with established anti-oxidative stress and anti-cancer activities. We aimed to investigate B-LAP protective potential against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. The mice received an oral dose of B-LAP followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg DOX a day later.

Possible Protective Effects of Thiazolidinediones Antidiabetic Drugs in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and it is considered the fourth most common cause of life-threatening cancers. Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes, is an independent risk factor for CRC, due to shared risk factors like physical inactivity and obesity. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are among the most common medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metformin; an old antidiabetic drug with new potentials in bone disorders.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world. In addition to cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, diabetics are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity due to greater risk of bone fractures and skeletal abnormalities. Patients with diabetes mellitus have lower bone quality in comparison to their non-diabetic counterparts mainly because of hyperglycemia, toxic effects of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) on bone tissue, and impaired bone microvascular system.

Reduction of renal tubular injury with a RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1, valsartan and their combination in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.

Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. FPS-ZM1, a selective RAGE inhibitor, in combination with valsartan were investigated for their protective potentials on the renal markers of tubular injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were assigned into groups of receiving FPS-ZM1 (1 mg/kg/day), valsartan (100 mg/kg/day), and FPS-ZM1 plus valsartan (1 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively) for one month.