Assessment of coastal litter trends in tourist vs. non-tourist beaches: A case study from Indian coastal smart city.

Coastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the accumulation of marine litter globally. Limited data availability along India's eastern coast hinders targeted mitigation efforts. This study assesses coastal litter along Visakhapatnam, a smart city on India's eastern coast, using the NOAA shoreline debris protocol.

Investigation of the Fasciola Cinereum, Absent in BTBR mice, and Comparison with the Hippocampal Area CA2.

The arginine vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) plays an important role in social behaviors including social learning, memory, and aggression, and is known to be a specific marker for the cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2) regions of the hippocampus. The fasciola cinereum (FC) is an anatomical region in which Avpr1b expressing neurons are prominent, but the functional roles of the FC have yet to be investigated. Surprisingly, the FC is absent in the inbred BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain used to study core behavioral deficits of autism.

Co-pyrolysis of plastic waste and eucalyptus waste wood for fuel pellets production: A study of fuel, mechanical, and combustion characteristics under varying binder proportion.

The study explores the effect of varying molasses proportions as a binder on the characteristics of densified char obtained through the slow co-pyrolysis of plastic waste and Eucalyptus wood waste (Waste low-density polyethylene - Eucalyptus wood (WLDPE-EW) and Waste Polystyrene - Eucalyptus wood (WPS-EW)). Pyrolysis was conducted at 500 °C with a residence time of 120 min, employing plastic to wood waste ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 (w/w). The focus was on how varying the proportion of molasses (10-30 %), influences the physical and combustion properties of the resulting biofuel pellets.

Accessory plantaris muscle can result in symptomatic hardware impingement following ACL reconstruction.

Anatomic variants of lower extremity musculature, such as the gastrocnemius, popliteus, and the plantaris have been well described in the literature. The impact of these anatomical variations on clinical outcomes depends on their proximity to and effects on adjacent anatomical structures, particularly in the context of planned surgical procedures in the region. While the presence of the accessory plantaris is rare, no previous cases have described it negatively affecting surgical outcomes to our knowledge.

TURBOMOLE: Today and Tomorrow.

TURBOMOLE is a highly optimized software suite for large-scale quantum-chemical and materials science simulations of molecules, clusters, extended systems, and periodic solids. TURBOMOLE uses Gaussian basis sets and has been designed with robust and fast quantum-chemical applications in mind, ranging from homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis to inorganic and organic chemistry and various types of spectroscopy, light-matter interactions, and biochemistry. This Perspective briefly surveys TURBOMOLE's functionality and highlights recent developments that have taken place between 2020 and 2023, comprising new electronic structure methods for molecules and solids, previously unavailable molecular properties, embedding, and molecular dynamics approaches.

Development of Rice Straw-derived Biochar-Bentonite Composite and its Application for in situ Sequestration of Ammonium and Phosphate Ions in the Degraded Mine Soil.

Nutrient pollution has a diverse impact on the environment and human health. The presence of nutrients, such as ammonium and phosphate, is ubiquitous in the environment due to their extensive use in agricultural land and leaching through non-point sources. In this context, biochar-based composites could play an essential role in improving the soil's nutrient retention capacity.

Opportunities and challenges in interpretable deep learning for drug sensitivity prediction of cancer cells.

In precision oncology, therapy stratification is done based on the patients' tumor molecular profile. Modeling and prediction of the drug response for a given tumor molecular type will further improve therapeutic decision-making for cancer patients. Indeed, deep learning methods hold great potential for drug sensitivity prediction, but a major problem is that these models are black box algorithms and do not clarify the mechanisms of action.

Prevalence of adult ADHD in patients with substance use disorder in North East India.

Background: Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) often co-exist with substance use disorders (SUD) both in adolescents and adults. Untreated ADHD can lead to multiple relapses, sociooccupational dysfunction and may worsen the outcome of SUD. ADHD is often underdiagnosed in the adult population.

Modeling Nonresonant X-ray Emission of Second- and Third-Period Elements without Core-Hole Reference States and Empirical Parameters.

Nonresonant X-ray emission (XE) energies and oscillator strengths are obtained using the effective potential of the generalized Kohn-Sham semi-canonical projected random phase approximation (GKS-spRPA) method. XE energies are estimated as a difference between the valence and core ionization eigenvalues, while the oscillator strengths are obtained within a frozen orbital approximation. This straightforward approach provides accurate XE energies without any need for core-hole reference states, empirical shifting parameters, or tuning of density functionals.

ERK-dependent induction of the immediate-early gene Egr1 and the late gene Gpr50 contribute to two distinct phases of PACAP Gs-GPCR signaling for neuritogenesis.

Gs-coupled GPCR-stimulated neuritogenesis in PC12 and NS-1 - cells depends on activation of the MAP kinase ERK. Here, we examine changes in ERK activation (phosphorylation), and the time course of ERK-dependent gene induction, to seek transcriptional determinants for this process. Quenching of ERK activation by inhibition of MEK with U0126 at any time point for at least 24 h following addition of PACAP resulted in arrest of neurite formation.

Coraco-clavicular endobutton and fiber tape fixation for Neer's type II unstable lateral clavicular fracture: a case series with literature review.

Neer's type II lateral end clavicle fracture is inherently unstable due to coraco-clavicular ligament disruption. Timely surgery can avoid complications of conservative management. Our study is based on open reduction and fixation with double endobutton and fibre tape in 12 patients.

Functional and Radiological Outcome in Distal Third Humerus Fracture Treated with Extra-articular Locking Plate: A Multicentric Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The optimal method for fixation of extra-articular distal humerus fractures poses a management dilemma. Although various plate configurations have been proposed, anatomic shaped extra-articular distal humerus locking plates (EADHPs) have emerged as a viable solution for these complex injuries. We assessed functional and radiologic outcomes in our retrospective case series of extra-articular distal humerus fractures managed with these plates at different centers in Cuttack, Odisha.

Relationships between constitutive and acute gene regulation, and physiological and behavioral responses, mediated by the neuropeptide PACAP.

Since the advent of gene knock-out technology in 1987, insight into the role(s) of neuropeptides in centrally- and peripherally-mediated physiological regulation has been gleaned by examining altered physiological functioning in mammals, predominantly mice, after genetic editing to produce animals deficient in neuropeptides or their cognate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). These results have complemented experiments involving infusion of neuropeptide agonists or antagonists systemically or into specific brain regions. Effects of gene loss are often interpreted as indicating that the peptide and its receptor(s) are required for the physiological or behavioral responses elicited in wild-type mice at the time of experimental examination.

Circular economy approach in solid waste management system to achieve UN-SDGs: Solutions for post-COVID recovery.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing socioeconomic crisis has impeded progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). This paper investigates the impact of COVID 19 on the progress of the SDGs and provides insight into how green recovery stimulus, driven by circular economy (CE)-based solid waste management (SWM) could assist in attaining the intended targets of UN-SDG. It was understood in this review that the guiding principles of the UN-SDGs such as, public health, environmental concerns, resource value and economic development are similar to those that have driven the growth of waste management activities; thus, in order to achieve the goals of UN-SDG, a circular economy approach in solid waste management system should be prioritized in the post-COVID economic agenda.

Interplay between the cyclic di-GMP network and the cell-cell signalling components coordinates virulence-associated functions in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes a serious disease of rice known as bacterial leaf blight. Several virulence-associated functions have been characterized in Xoo.

Char from the co-pyrolysis of Eucalyptus wood and low-density polyethylene for use as high-quality fuel: Influence of process parameters.

Providing a valuable application to the under-utilized solid residue of co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics could substantially improve economic and environmental sustainability of the process, thereby fostering circular economy. This study focuses on the variation of thermal and physiochemical characteristics of solid char, produced from the co-pyrolysis of waste low-density polyethylene (WLDPE) and Eucalyptus wood with varying pyrolysis temperatures from 300 to 550 °C, residence times of 90-150 min, and relative percentage of 33% and 25% (w/w) WLDPE in the feedstock. The highest values of yield (37%), energy density (1.

Bacterial quorum sensing facilitates Xanthomonas campesteris pv. campestris invasion of host tissue to maximize disease symptoms.

Quorum sensing (QS) helps the Xanthomonas group of phytopathogens to infect several crop plants. The vascular phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot disease on Brassicaceae leaves, where a typical v-shaped lesion spans both vascular and mesophyll regions with progressive leaf chlorosis.

(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and iron rice straw biochar composites for the sorption of Cr (VI) and Zn (II) using the extract of heavy metals contaminated soil.

Heavy metals like Cr (VI), when released into the environment, pose a serious threat to animal and human health. In this study, iron and (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) biochar composites were prepared from the biochar, which was produced through the pyrolysis of rice straw at 400 and 600 °C, using the chemical processes with an aim that the doping of pristine biochar structure with the Fe and NH radicals would enhance the removal of Cr (VI) and Zn (II) adsorption in both aqueous solution and soil. Both biochar composites were mixed at a rate of 3% (w/w) with the mine soil for the soil incubation test, and after completion of the test, a soil fertility index (SFI) was calculated.

Challenges and strategies for effective plastic waste management during and post COVID-19 pandemic.

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced the complexities of plastic waste management. Our improved, hyper-hygienic way of life in the fear of transmission has conveniently shifted our behavioral patterns like the use of PPE (Personal protective equipment), increased demand for plastic-packaged food and groceries, and the use of disposable utensils. The inadequacies and inefficiencies of our current waste management system to deal with the increased dependence on plastic could aggravate its mismanagement and leakage into the environment, thus triggering a new environmental crisis.

Transition of a solitary to a biofilm community life style in bacteria: a survival strategy with division of labour.

Multicellularity is associated with higher eukaryotes having an organized division of labour and a coordinated action of different organs composed of multiple cell types. This division of different cell types and organizations to form a multicellular structure by developmental programming is a key to the multitasking of complex traits that enable higher eukaryotes to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Microbes such as bacteria, on the other hand, are unicellular and have flourished in diverse environmental conditions for a much longer time than eukaryotes in evolutionary history.

Safety and efficacy of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) as an antihemorrhagic drug in bilateral one stage total knee arthroplasty: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Antifibrinolytic drugs are widely used to minimize blood loss and transfusion requirements in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although tranexamic acid (TXA) has been widely studied for its use in TKA, there are limited studies on epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA).

Methods: In a double-blind randomized control trial, all patients (n = 91) operated with bilateral simultaneous TKA were randomly given either intravenous EACA or placebo (normal saline).

Single dose Intravenous Tranexamic acid may not be adequate to reduce blood loss and blood transfusion requirement in patients undergoing single stage bilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) causes increased blood loss and increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used to minimize blood loss and transfusion requirements. However, the optimal regimen of TXA in single stage bilateral TKA is still not defined.

New insight into bacterial social communication in natural host: Evidence for interplay of heterogeneous and unison quorum response.

Many microbes exhibit quorum sensing (QS) to cooperate, share and perform a social task in unison. Recent studies have shown the emergence of reversible phenotypic heterogeneity in the QS-responding pathogenic microbial population under laboratory conditions as a possible bet-hedging survival strategy. However, very little is known about the dynamics of QS-response and the nature of phenotypic heterogeneity in an actual host-pathogen interaction environment.