Genotype classification and pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus circulating in vaccinated broiler chicken farms.

This study investigated the genotype classification and pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) circulating in vaccinated broiler chicken farms in Egypt. A total of 150 samples were collected from 30 vaccinated commercial broiler chicken farms and pooled into 30 working samples. IBDV was tested using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the hypervariable region of the viral protein 2 (hvVP2) and the VP1 gene 5' extremity.

Recent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 among different equine populations in Egypt.

Objective: Equine herpes viruses (EHVs) are considered one of the most important respiratory pathogens in equids, resulting in serious outcomes for equine health worldwide. The objectives of the current research were the detection, molecular characterization, and isolation of EHV-1 and EHV-4 circulating within different equine populations in Egypt, either clinically or in apparently healthy horses.

Material And Methods: A total of 120 field samples were collected, and DNA was extracted.

Preliminary molecular study for DIVA trial of antigenically characterized circulating bovine herpesvirus subtype 1.1 in Egypt.

Using marker vaccines to control bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a novel strategy for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In this study, multiplex real-time PCR targeting gD and gE genes was applied for BoHV-1 screening on 60 clinical samples from cattle with a history of vaccination, in some cases by US2-deleted marker vaccines, that were suffering from severe respiratory symptoms. Conventional PCR targeting the gC and US2 flanking region was done for molecular characterization and identification of the US2-deleted vaccine strain.

Molecular and pathological investigation of avian reovirus (ARV) in Egypt with the assessment of the genetic variability of field strains compared to vaccine strains.

Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) is among the important viruses that cause drastic economic losses in the Egyptian poultry industry. Despite regular vaccination of breeder birds, a high prevalence of ARV infection in broilers has been noted in recent years. However, no reports have revealed the genetic and antigenic characteristics of Egyptian field ARV and vaccines used against it.

Pathogenesis of Velogenic Genotype VII.1.1 Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken in Egypt via Different Inoculation Routes: Molecular, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry. There is scarce information concerning the pathogenicity and genetic characteristics of the circulating velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Egypt. In the present work, NDV was screened from tracheal swabs collected from several broiler chicken farms ( = 12) in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (Sub-Genotype VII.1.1) from Wild Birds, with Assessment of Its Pathogenicity in Susceptible Chickens.

Newcastle disease (ND) is considered to be one of the most economically significant avian viral diseases. It has a worldwide distribution and a continuous diversity of genotypes. Despite its limited zoonotic potential, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Egypt occur frequently and result in serious economic losses in the poultry industry.

Molecular investigation on the presence of canine parvovirus in Egypt.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes a highly contagious gastroenteritis disease of dogs and wild canids. To investigate the CPV-2 prevalence in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 50 fecal swabs were collected from suspected diseased dogs during 2016-2017. Out of 50 collected samples, 35 samples (70 %) presented positive results for CPV-2 using immuno-chromatography (IC) as a rapid test.

Molecular Characterization and Developing a Point-of-Need Molecular Test for Diagnosis of Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) Type 1 in Cattle from Egypt.

Bovine papillomatosis is a viral disease of cattle causing cutaneous warts. A diagnosis of this viral infection is very mandatory for combating the resulting economic losses. Given the limited data available about bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in Egypt, the present study involved the molecular diagnosis of bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1), -2, -4, -5, and -10 in cattle presenting cutaneous warts on the head and neck from New Valley Province, Egypt.

Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated from naturally infected turkey poults in Egypt.

This study was conducted to investigate the molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolated from naturally infected turkey poults and possible spread to chickens. Thirty samples were collected from turkey poults in the vicinity or in the same backyards with chickens suspected to be infected with IBDV and from live bird markets from different localities in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. There were no obvious clinical signs in tested turkey poults except dehydration and whitish diarrhoea in some birds with no mortality, and post-mortem lesions were observed in few birds as atrophied bursae, nephritis and petechial haemorrhages on thigh muscles.

Molecular Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus 5' Long Terminal Repeat Integration in the Genome of Avipoxvirus Field Strains from Different Avian Species in Egypt.

Avipoxviruses (APVs) are among the most complex viruses that infect a wide range of birds' species. The infection by APVs is often associated with breathing and swallowing difficulties, reduced growth, decreased egg production, and high mortalities in domestic poultry. In the present study, 200 cutaneous nodular samples were collected from different avian species (chicken, pigeon, turkey, and canary) suspected to be infected with APVs from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

Immunostimulant effect of a mixed herbal extract on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccinated chickens in the context of a co-infection model of avian influenza virus H9N2 and IBDV.

This study was conducted to assess the comparative effects of a mixed herbal extract (MHE) containing Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Emblica officinalis, Tinospora cordifolia, Mangifera indica, and Asphaltum (shilajit) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-vaccinated (VAC) chickens infected with IBDV and avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2. The experiment included three groups (G1-G3): G1, the negative control group; G2, the VAC + challenged (Ch) group; and G3, the VAC + Ch + MHE group. MHE was orally administered continuously for 5 weeks post-vaccination (PV) with IBDV at 12 days of age, and the chicks were simultaneously challenged with virulent IBDV (intraocularly) and AIV H9N2 (intranasally) at 21 days PV.

Pathological and Molecular Characterization of H5 Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry Flocks from Egypt over a Ten-Year Period (2009-2019).

Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains one of the enzootic zoonotic diseases that challenges the poultry industry in Egypt. In the present study, a total of 500 tissue samples were collected from 100 chicken farms (broilers and layers) suspected to be infected with AIV through the period from 2009 to 2019 from Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. These samples were pooled in 100 working samples and screened for AIV then the positive samples were subjected to histopathological examination combined with real time-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR).