Relative CTLA-4, PTPN-22, and interleukin 37 mRNA expressions in patients with lupus nephritis.

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell immune-dysregulation and loss of tolerance to self-antigens. CTLA-4 and PTPN-22 are involved in the inhibition of T-lymphocytes activation. IL-37 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that suppresses innate immunity.

Three key genes expression profiling in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multi-system autoimmune disease with synovial joints involvement. The triad of autoimmunity, genetics, and environment is the key player in RA pathogenesis. We intended to investigate gene expression of C-C Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) in RA patients versus controls, and its correlation with the activity of the disease.

Efficacy and safety profile of intravenous tocilizumab versus intravenous abatacept in treating female Saudi Arabian patients with active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab with those of abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis not responding to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.

Methods: A prospective, open-label study was carried out on adult females with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous tocilizumab or abatacept treatment.