Fumigant toxicity of four essential oils against the carob moth Zeller and the Mediterranean flour moth .

, berries, and leaves of essential oils were analysed using GC-MS techniques and assessed for their fumigant toxicity against adults, larvae, and eggs of and . Results showed that contained Spathulenol, p-Cymene, and Cryptone as major compounds. GC - MS analyses showed that the major compounds of essential oil were 1,8-Cineole, Camphor, and α-pinene.

Direct vs. standard method of insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device: insertion pain and outcomes at 6 months.

The direct method is a procedure designed to cause less pain during insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). It was first reported in 2005 and differs from the standard method of insertion recommended by IUCD manufacturers. In France, the direct method is well known and used by experienced practitioners, but it has never been evaluated against the standard method of insertion.