Decoding and comprehension skills mediate the link between a small-group reading programme and English national literacy assessments.

Background: Despite the fact that literacy instruction is a main focus of primary education, many children struggle to meet nationally set standards.

Aims: We aimed to test which components of a comprehensive reading programme (ABRACADABRA: https://eur03.safelinks.

Exploring the longitudinal relationships between the use of grammar in text messaging and performance on grammatical tasks.

Research has demonstrated that use of texting slang (textisms) when text messaging does not appear to impact negatively on children's literacy outcomes and may even benefit children's spelling attainment. However, less attention has been paid to the impact of text messaging on the development of children's and young people's understanding of grammar. This study therefore examined the interrelationships between children's and young adults' tendency to make grammatical violations when texting and their performance on formal assessments of spoken and written grammatical understanding, orthographic processing and spelling ability over the course of 1 year.