Unique design of superior metal-organic framework for removal of toxic chemicals in humid environment via direct functionalization of the metal nodes.

Unique chemical and thermal stabilities of a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and its functionalized analogues play a key role to efficiently remove chemical warfare agents (ex., cyanogen chloride, CNCl) and simulant (dimethyl methylphosphonate, DMMP) as well as industrial toxic gas, ammonia (NH). Herein, we for the first time demonstrate outstanding performance of MOF-808 for removal of toxic chemicals in humid environment via special design of functionalization of hydroxo species bridging Zr-nodes using a triethylenediamine (TEDA) to form ionic frameworks by gas phase acid-base reactions.

Magnesium Exchanged Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks with Improved Detoxification Properties of Nerve Agents.

, and metal-organic frameworks exhibit a differentiated reactivity toward [Mg(OMe)(MeOH)] related to their pore accessibility. Microporous remains unchanged while mesoporous and hierarchical micro/mesoporous materials yield doped systems containing exposed MgZrO(OH) clusters in the mesoporous cavities. This modification is responsible for a remarkable enhancement of the catalytic activity toward the hydrolytic degradation of P-F and P-S bonds of toxic nerve agents, at room temperature, in unbuffered aqueous solutions.

Degradation of chemical warfare agents over cotton fabric functionalized with UiO-66-NH.

Herein, cotton fabric was treated with an alkaline solution to increase the content of surface hydroxyl groups and then functionalized with UiO-66-NH, a nanoporous metal-organic framework. Instrumental analysis of the thus treated fabric revealed that its surface was covered with UiO-66-NH crystals in a uniform manner. The ability of the functionalized fabric to degrade two chemical warfare agents (soman and sulfur mustard) was probed by testing its permeability to these two agents (swatch testing), and the excellent degradation performance was concluded to be well suited for a broad range of filtration and decontamination applications.

Rapid Capture and Hydrolysis of a Sulfur Mustard Gas in Silver-Ion-Exchanged Zeolite Y.

Sulfur mustard gas, also called HD, is one of the main chemical warfare agents and has claimed thousands of lives and left many more contaminated. The development of functional materials to promptly capture and detoxify sulfur mustard within a few minutes is extremely important to save the lives of the affected people. This has motivated us to explore excellent detoxification systems that can be deployed in the field to rapidly capture and hydrolyze mustard gas in a short time.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for tremor: systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to offer an objective summary of the published literature relating to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for tremor and consensus guideline recommendations.

Methods: This systematic review was performed up to December 2016. Article selection was performed by searching the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE electronic bibliographic databases.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) Practice Guideline.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to develop International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) consensus guideline statements for vestibular schwannoma.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed up to April 2015.

Results: A total of 55 full-text articles were included in the analysis.

Zirconium Hydroxide-coated Nanofiber Mats for Nerve Agent Decontamination.

Diverse innovative fabrics with specific functionalities have been developed for requirements such as self-decontamination of chemical/biological pollutants and toxic nerve agents. In this work, Zr(OH) -coated nylon-6,6 nanofiber mats were fabricated for the decontamination of nerve agents. Nylon-6,6 fabric was prepared via the electrospinning process, followed by coating with Zr(OH) , which was obtained by the hydrolysis of Zr(OBu) by a sol-gel reaction on nanofiber surfaces.

A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane functionalized copper trimesate.

A metal-organic framework (MOF), copper trimesate (Cu3(BTC)2), was selectively functionalized with aminopropylisooctyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (O-POSS) to make the external surface of Cu3(BTC)2 hydrophobic and thereby enhance the stability of the material against humidity. POSS modification was also successfully applied to other MOFs such as MOF-74 and MIL-100.

Genetic diversity of Korean Bacillus anthracis isolates from soil evaluated with a single nucleotide repeat analysis.

Bacillus (B.) anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is one of the most genetically monomorphic bacteria species in the world. Due to the very limited genetic diversity of this species, classification of isolates of this bacterium requires methods with high discriminatory power.

Proteomic analysis of the oxidative stress response induced by low-dose hydrogen peroxide in Bacillus anthracis.

Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by the aerobic sporeforming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which is an important pathogen owing to its ability to be used as a terror agent. B. anthracis spores can escape phagocytosis and initiate the germination process even in antimicrobial conditions, such as oxidative stress.

Probabilities of radiation myelopathy specific to stereotactic body radiation therapy to guide safe practice.

Purpose: Dose-volume histogram (DVH) results for 9 cases of post spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) radiation myelopathy (RM) are reported and compared with a cohort of 66 spine SBRT patients without RM.

Methods And Materials: DVH data were centrally analyzed according to the thecal sac point maximum (Pmax) volume, 0.1- to 1-cc volumes in increments of 0.

Study on evaporation characteristics of a sessile drop of sulfur mustard on glass.

The evaporation characteristics (evaporation rates and process) of a sessile drop of sulfur mustard on glass has been studied using a laboratory-sized wind tunnel, gas chromatograph mass spectrometry, and drop shape analysis. It showed that the evaporation rates of the droplet increased with temperature and air flow. The effect of temperature on the rates was more pronounced at lower air flow.

Reirradiation human spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Purpose: We reviewed the treatment for patients with spine metastases who initially received conventional external beam radiation (EBRT) and were reirradiated with 1-5 fractions of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) who did or did not subsequently develop radiation myelopathy (RM).

Methods And Materials: Spinal cord dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for 5 RM patients (5 spinal segments) and 14 no-RM patients (16 spine segments) were based on thecal sac contours at retreatment. Dose to a point within the thecal sac that receives the maximum dose (P(max)), and doses to 0.

Phase I/II dose escalation trial of concurrent temozolomide and whole brain radiation therapy for multiple brain metastasis.

This study sought to establish the recommended phase II dose and efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases. Patients were stratified by prior systemic therapy (≤1 vs. ≥2) and enrolled in cohorts of escalating doses of daily TMZ for 14 days (group A: 75, 95, 115, 135, or 150 mg/m(2), group B: 75, 90, 105, 120, or 135 mg/m(2)).

Spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Purpose: Dosimetric data are reported for five cases of radiation-induced myelopathy after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to spinal tumors. Analysis per the biologically effective dose (BED) model was performed.

Methods And Materials: Five patients with radiation myelopathy were compared to a subset of 19 patients with no radiation myelopathy post-SBRT.