Case Report: Atypical presentation of non-functional gonadotropinoma.

Gonadotropinoma is the most common non-functional pituitary adenoma comprising 10%-30% of all pituitary adenomas. They are benign slow-growing tumours originating from adenohypophysis and rarely become malignant. Its presentation can be atypical, such as visual disturbance, and most patients presenting to an ophthalmologist for visual correction are eventually found to have a field defect.

Epidemiology of melanoma in situ in New Zealand: 2008-2012.

Aim: The incidence of melanoma in situ varies throughout the world. It is associated with excellent outcomes, however many of those untreated will go on to develop invasive melanoma with a worse prognosis. There is no previously published data on melanoma in situ (MIS) in New Zealand.

Treatment choices for the glycaemic management of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Analysis of the SAIL patient linked dataset.

Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in type 2 diabetes and limits the treatment choices for glycaemic control. Our aim was to examine real-world prescribing for managing hyperglycaemia in the presence of CKD.

Methods: The SAIL (Secure Anonymised Information Linkage) databank was used to examine prescribing during the period from the 1st of January to 30th December 2014.

Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Non-Insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes (The SMBG Study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The benefit of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) in people with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes remains unclear with inconsistent evidence from randomised controlled trials fuelling the continued debate. Lack of a consistent finding has been attributed to variations in study population and design, including the SMBG intervention. There is a growing consensus that structured SMBG, whereby the person with diabetes and health care provider are educated to detect patterns of glycaemic abnormality and take appropriate action according to the blood glucose profiles, can prove beneficial in terms of lowering HbA1c and improving overall well-being.

A non-exercise method to determine cardiorespiratory fitness identifies females predicted to be at 'high risk' of type 2 diabetes.

This study examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness determined by a non-exercise testing method for estimating fitness and predicted risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus using five risk assessments/questionnaires (Leicester Diabetes Risk Score, QDiabetes, Cambridge Risk Score, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test). Retrospective analysis was performed on 330 female individuals with no prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in the Prosiect Sir Gâr workplace initiative in Carmarthenshire, South Wales. Non-exercise testing method for estimating fitness (expressed as metabolic equivalents) was calculated using a validated algorithm, and females were grouped accordingly into fitness quintiles <6.

Examining the relationship between HbA1c and diabetes risk models in a European population indicates a lower threshold to identify 'high risk' is required.

This study examined whether changes in HbA1c values are reflected in the risk scores and categories of four validated risk-assessment tools (QDiabetes, Leicester Risk Assessment, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and Cambridge Risk Score). Retrospective analysis was performed on 651 individuals with no prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or diabetes who participated in a UK workplace-based risk-assessment initiative. There were significant positive correlations (p < 0.

Different type 2 diabetes risk assessments predict dissimilar numbers at 'high risk': a retrospective analysis of diabetes risk-assessment tools.

Background: Use of a validated risk-assessment tool to identify individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes is currently recommended. It is under-reported, however, whether a different risk tool alters the predicted risk of an individual.

Aim: This study explored any differences between commonly used validated risk-assessment tools for type 2 diabetes.

Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease is influenced by the risk equation adopted: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Validated risk equations are currently recommended to assess individuals to determine those at 'high risk' of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is no longer a risk 'equation of choice'.

Aim: This study examined the differences between four commonly-used CVD risk equations.

Prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year CVD risk in male steel industry workers.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a cohort of male steelworkers in South Wales, UK.

Methods: Male steel industry workers (n = 221) with no prior diagnosis of CVD or diabetes accepted a CVD risk assessment within the work environment. Demographic, anthropometric, family, and medical histories were all recorded and capillary blood samples obtained.

Metformin reduces arterial stiffness and improves endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Context: Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased prevalence of insulin resistance and display subclinical evidence of early cardiovascular disease. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and circulating markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with PCOS, but it is unclear whether this translates into improvements in vascular function.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of metformin on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in women with PCOS.

Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on vascular function in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency: a randomized crossover trial.

Context: Patients with Addison's disease and hypopituitarism have increased mortality, chiefly related to vascular disease. Both diseases are characterized by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) deficiency, yet this is not usually corrected. It is unclear whether treatment of these conditions with DHEA improves cardiovascular risk.

Laparoscopic anterior 180 degrees partial fundoplication: five-year results and beyond.

Hypothesis: Laparoscopic anterior 180 degrees partial fundoplication provides good long-term relief for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and is associated with few adverse effects.

Design: Prospectively evaluated case series.

Setting: University teaching hospital.