Dose-dependent regulation of immune memory responses against HIV by saponin monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle adjuvant.

The induction of durable protective immune responses is the main goal of prophylactic vaccines, and adjuvants play an important role as drivers of such responses. Despite advances in vaccine strategies, a safe and effective HIV vaccine remains a significant challenge. The use of an appropriate adjuvant is crucial to the success of HIV vaccines.