Eosinophilia and wheeze: thinking beyond asthma.

https://bit.ly/4bgDP1u.

Thermostable allergens in canned fish: Evaluating risks for fish allergy.

Background: Major fish allergens, including parvalbumin (PV), are heat stable and can withstand extensive cooking processes. Thus, the management of fish allergy generally relies on complete avoidance. Fish-allergic patients may be advised to consume canned fish, as some fish-allergic individuals have reported tolerance to canned fish.

Increased core body temperature exacerbates defective protein prenylation in mouse models of mevalonate kinase deficiency.

Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is characterized by recurrent fevers and flares of systemic inflammation, caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in MVK. The underlying disease mechanisms and triggers of inflammatory flares are poorly understood because of the lack of in vivo models. We describe genetically modified mice bearing the hypomorphic mutation p.

A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Optimizing the Attenuation of Human IgE-Reactivity to β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) by Hydrostatic High Pressure Processing.

The response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) technique were used to optimize the three key process parameters (i.e., pressure, temperature and holding time) of the high-hydrostatic-pressure (HHP) processing either standalone or combined with moderate thermal processing to modulate molecular structures of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-La) with reduced human IgE-reactivity.

Increased Rates of Peanut and Tree Nut Aspiration as a Possible Consequence of Allergy Prevention by Early Introduction.

Background: Pediatric airway foreign bodies (FBs) are a surgical emergency, and peanuts and tree nuts (PN/TNs) can pose a significant aspiration risk in young children. In 2015, the Learning Early About Peanut allergy (LEAP) trial established that early introduction of peanuts in high-risk infants reduced the risk of developing a peanut allergy. Infant feeding guidelines were subsequently modified to actively encourage the introduction of allergenic foods for all infants.

An exploration of factors associated with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: Birth, infant feeding and food triggers.

Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergic disorder with a well-characterized phenotype, but limited understanding of factors associated with food cross-reactivity, severity and tolerance.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study spanning 20 years on children with acute FPIES from a single paediatric tertiary centre in New South Wales, Australia, focusing on identifying food trigger co-associations and factors associated with reaction severity, multiple trigger FPIES and/or tolerance was performed.

Results: A total of 168 individuals with 329 recorded FPIES episodes between 1997 and 2017 were included.

Added Diagnostic Value of Peanut Component Testing: A Cross-Sectional Study in Australian Children.

Background: Peanut components are widely used in clinical practice; however, their utility to predict challenge outcome in the Australian children, outside of infants, is not well studied.

Objective: Can peanut component testing predict outcome of challenge in peanut-allergic children.

Methods: All children attending peanut challenges, regardless of previous allergic reactions to peanut or sensitization (skin prick test or peanut IgE) alone, were recruited.

Expanding the allergen repertoire of salmon and catfish.

Background: Diagnostic tests for fish allergy are hampered by the large number of under-investigated fish species. Four salmon allergens are well-characterized and registered with the WHO/IUIS while no catfish allergens have been described so far. In 2008, freshwater-cultured catfish production surpassed that of salmon, the globally most-cultured marine species.

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that manifests with projectile, repetitive emesis that can be followed by diarrhea and may be accompanied by lethargy, hypotonia, hypothermia, hypotension, and metabolic derangements. FPIES usually starts in infancy although onset at older ages is being increasingly recognized. FPIES is not rare, with the cumulative incidence of FPIES in infants estimated to be 0.

Defective Protein Prenylation in a Spectrum of Patients With Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency.

The rare autoinflammatory disease mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD, which includes HIDS and mevalonic aciduria) is caused by recessive, pathogenic variants in the gene encoding mevalonate kinase. Deficiency of this enzyme decreases the synthesis of isoprenoid lipids and thus prevents the normal post-translational prenylation of small GTPase proteins, which then accumulate in their unprenylated form. We recently optimized a sensitive assay capable of detecting unprenylated Rab GTPase proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and showed that this assay distinguished MKD from other autoinflammatory diseases.

Differentiating Acute Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome From Its Mimics: A Comparison of Clinical Features and Routine Laboratory Biomarkers.

Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is frequently misdiagnosed and subject to diagnostic delay. Profuse vomiting, the cardinal feature of acute FPIES, may occur in more common pediatric disorders such as gastroenteritis and sepsis.

Objectives: We sought to determine differentiating features at acute presentation between FPIES, gastroenteritis, and sepsis in young children presenting to an emergency department (ED) with profuse vomiting.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: guidelines summary and practice recommendations.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a poorly understood non-IgE gastrointestinal-mediated food allergy that predominantly affects infants and young children. Cells of the innate immune system appear to be activated during an FPIES reaction. Acute FPIES typically presents between one and 4 hours after ingestion of the trigger food, with the principal symptom being profuse vomiting, and is often accompanied by pallor and lethargy.

Immunodeficiency in CHARGE syndrome.

Immunodeficiency can occur in CHARGE syndrome, with immunophenotypes including reduction in T-cell counts, combined T-B cell defects rarely requiring antibiotic prophylaxis or immunoglobulin replacement, and severe combined immunodeficiency, which is fatal without immune reconstitution. However, the prevalence of immunodeficiency in CHARGE syndrome remains unclear with few prospective studies. In this review, we examine the existing literature covering immunodeficiency associated with CHARGE syndrome, compare these with immunodeficiencies reported in 22q11.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in Australia: A population-based study, 2012-2014.

Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal allergic disorder. Large population-based FPIES studies are lacking.

Objective: We sought to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of FPIES in Australian infants.