Using a pragmatically adapted, low-cost contingency management intervention to promote heroin abstinence in individuals undergoing treatment for heroin use disorder in UK drug services (PRAISE): a cluster randomised trial.

Introduction: Most individuals treated for heroin use disorder receive opioid agonist treatment (OAT)(methadone or buprenorphine). However, OAT is associated with high attrition and persistent, occasional heroin use. There is some evidence for the effectiveness of contingency management (CM), a behavioural intervention involving modest financial incentives, in encouraging drug abstinence when applied adjunctively with OAT.

Development and validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI).

The psychometric tools used for the assessment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) either do not conform to the current concept of the condition or have important limitations. We aimed to develop and validate a new questionnaire for the assessment of symptom profile and severity of GAD. An original pool of potential scale items was subjected to a series of studies in non-clinical and clinical populations, in order to determine the final composition of the scale.

Does 5-HT restrain panic? A tryptophan depletion study in panic disorder patients recovered on paroxetine.

The neurobiological basis of panic disorder has not been clearly established, although a role for serotonin (5-HT) has been postulated. It is clear that drugs which increase 5-HT neurotransmission are effective in treating the condition but how they do so remains a point of debate. The aim of this study was to determine if lowering brain serotonin activity using the technique of tryptophan depletion provoked a short-term relapse of panic symptoms in patients with panic disorder who had responded to drug treatment.