Neurovascular coupling, functional connectivity, and cerebrovascular endothelial extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of dementia. Understanding the mechanistic changes from healthy aging to MCI is critical for comprehending disease progression and enabling preventative intervention.

Methods: Patients with MCI and age-matched controls (CN) were administered cognitive tasks during functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording, and changes in plasma levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) were assessed using small-particle flow cytometry.

Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19.

Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g.

Vascular mechanisms leading to progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia after COVID-19: Protocol and methodology of a prospective longitudinal observational study.

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage to dementia, affecting up to 20% of the aging population worldwide. Patients with MCI have an annual conversion rate to dementia of 15-20%. Thus, conditions that increase the conversion from MCI to dementia are of the utmost public health concern.

Cerebral small vessel disease pathology in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the leading cause of vascular cognitive impairment and is associated with COVID-19. However, contributing factors that often accompany CSVD pathology in COVID-19 patients may influence the incidence of cerebrovascular complications. Thus, a mechanism linking COVID-19 and CSVD has yet to be uncovered and differentiated from age-related comorbidities (i.

Gait variability predicts cognitive impairment in older adults with subclinical cerebral small vessel disease.

Introduction: Advanced methods of gait research, including approaches to quantify variability, and orderliness/regularity/predictability, are increasingly used to identify patients at risk for the development of cognitive impairment. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is highly prevalent in older adults and is known to contribute to the development of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Studies in preclinical models demonstrate that subclinical alterations precede CSVD-related cognitive impairment in gait coordination.