Associations between body mass index and episodic memory for recent eating, mindful eating, and cognitive distraction: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Eating while distracted has been associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), whereas mindful eating and episodic memory for recent eating have shown the opposite pattern. This pre-registered, global study (https://osf.io/rdjzk) compared the relative association between these variables (and four "positive controls": restraint, disinhibition, emotional eating, plate clearing) and self-reported BMI.

Trajectories of child free sugars intake and dental caries - a population-based birth cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the association between trajectories of free sugars intake during the first five years of life and dental caries experience at five years.

Methods: Data from the SMILE population-based prospective birth cohort study, collected at one, two and five years old, were used. A 3-days dietary diary and food frequency questionnaire were used to estimate free sugars intake (FSI) in grams.

Group-based trajectories of maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverage and offspring oral health from a prospective birth cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the trajectory of maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during the first five years of their child's life and its effect on the child's dental caries at five years-of-age.

Methods: This is an ongoing prospective population-based birth cohort study in Adelaide, Australia. Mothers completed questionnaires on their SSB intake, socioeconomic factors and health behaviors at the birth of their child and at the ages of one, two and five years.

Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study: cohort profile.

Purpose: The long-term goal of the Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study is to identify and evaluate the relative importance and timing of critical factors that shape the oral health of young children. It will then evaluate those factors in their inter-relationship with socioeconomic influences.

Participants: SMILE is a single-centre study conducted in Adelaide, Australia.

How full am I? The effect of rating fullness during eating on food intake, eating speed and relationship with satiety responsiveness.

Modifying eating behaviours may be an effective strategy to limit excess food intake, such as eating slower and mindfully. We hypothesized that regularly rating fullness whilst eating a standard meal in one course would increase post-meal satiety and reduce intake in a subsequent course during the same sitting. A between-subjects design was employed (n = 65; 75% female; mean age = 26.

Educational Attainment of Children Born with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate in the United Kingdom.

Objective: This study evaluated association between functional outcomes in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and educational attainment.

Design: Cleft Care UK (CCUK) was a United Kingdom (UK) wide cross-sectional study.

Setting: UK Cleft Teams (data collected from all UK sites providing centralized cleft services).

HPV driven squamous cell head and neck cancer of unknown primary is likely to be HPV driven squamous cell oropharyngeal cancer.

Objectives: To compare risk factors and survival in people with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and cancer unknown primary (CUP).

Materials And Methods: We recruited 5511 people with head and neck cancer between 2011 and 2014. We collected data on age, gender, smoking, sexual behaviour, treatment intent, stage, co-morbidity, p16 protein overexpression and biological samples.

Factors associated with early postoperative feeding: An observational study in a colorectal surgery population.

Background And Aims: Early post-operative feeding is recommended within enhanced recovery after surgery programmes. This study aimed to describe post-operative feeding patterns and associated factors among patients following colorectal surgery, using a post-hoc analysis of observational data from a previous RCT on chewing gum after surgery.

Methods: Data from 301 participants (59% male, median age 67 years) were included.

Disease trajectories, place and mode of death in people with head and neck cancer: Findings from the 'Head and Neck 5000' population-based prospective clinical cohort study.

Background: Few large studies describe initial disease trajectories and subsequent mortality in people with head and neck cancer. This is a necessary first step to identify the need for palliative care and associated services.

Aim: To analyse data from the Head and Neck 5000 study to present mortality, place and mode of death within 12 months of diagnosis.

Changes in oral health behaviours between childhood and adolescence: Findings from a UK cohort study.

Objective: Oral health is an important part of general health and well-being. Health behaviours may change throughout a person's life, but the stage from childhood to adolescence is critical because influences from peers increase while those from parents and other family members decrease. The objective of this study was to identify changes in oral health behaviours between childhood and adolescence, and investigate whether changes differed by sex.

Gut microbiome analysis by post: Evaluation of the optimal method to collect stool samples from infants within a national cohort study.

Background: Understanding the role of the gut microbiome is pivotal for the future development of therapies for the prevention and management of autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes when sampling during early life may be particularly important. The current standard methods for collecting gut microbiome samples for research is to extract fresh samples or freeze samples immediately after collection. This is often impractical however for population-based studies.

Objective Measurement of Physical Activity in Adults With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Individuals.

Physical activity (PA) has many benefits in type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM). However, PA levels in people with type 1 DM have not previously been measured accurately. We aimed to compare objectively measured PA in adults recently diagnosed with type 1 DM and healthy adults.

Using neuroimaging to investigate the impact of Mandolean® training in young people with obesity: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: Slowing eating rate using the Mandolean® previously helped obese adolescents to self-select smaller portion sizes, with no reduction in satiety, and enhanced ghrelin suppression. The objective of this pilot, randomised trial was to investigate the neural response to food cues following Mandolean® training using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and measures of ghrelin, PYY, glucose and self-reported appetite.

Method: Twenty-four obese adolescents (11-18 years; BMI ≥ 95th centile) were randomised (but stratified by age and gender) to receive six-months of standard care in an obesity clinic, or standard care plus short-term Mandolean® training.

Outcome Measures in UCLP: The Modified 5-Year-Olds'-Index-Development and Reliability.

Objective: Can we reliably discriminate severity within the existing categories of the 5-Year-Olds' Index?

Design: Retrospective method comparison and development study.

Setting: School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol.

Methods: Dental study models of 5-year-olds with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were collected from the archives of 2 national cleft surveys (n = 351).

What factors influence recruitment to a birth cohort of infants with Down's syndrome?

Objective: To understand how to maximise recruitment of young infants with Down's syndrome (DS) into research through qualitative interviews with parents and care providers. In complex neonatal and genetic conditions such as DS, frequently diagnosed after birth, parents may go through a period of adaptation. These factors need consideration when overcoming barriers to recruitment.

Overweight and obesity in children aged 3-13 years in urban Cameroon: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with socio-economic status.

Background: Childhood overweight/obesity is increasing rapidly in developing countries. There is a need to provide more evidence on its burden in sub-Saharan Africa, and to identify associated factors in order to set preventive measures. We aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and assess its association with the socioeconomic status in nursery and primary school children in urban Cameroon.

The tracking of active travel and its relationship with body composition in UK adolescents.

Background: To examine the tracking of active travel through adolescence, and its association with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass at age 17 in a UK cohort.

Methods: We analysed data collected from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The analyses include all participants with self-reported travel mode to school at ages 12, 14 and 16 years, and measured height, weight and body composition at age 17 (=2,026).

Perceptions of team members working in cleft services in the United kingdom: a pilot study.

Background: Cleft care provision in the United Kingdom has been centralized over the past 15 years to improve outcomes for children born with cleft lip and palate. However, to date, there have been no investigations to examine how well these multidisciplinary teams are performing.

Methods: In this pilot study, a cross-sectional questionnaire surveyed members of all health care specialties working to provide cleft care in 11 services across the United Kingdom.

Centralization of services for children born with orofacial clefts in the United kingdom: a cross-sectional survey.

Objective : To examine current provision of cleft lip and/or palate services in the U.K. and compliance with recommendations made by the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) in 1998.

Lack of emergence of associations between selected maternal exposures and offspring blood pressure at age 15 years.

Background: A recent review found little evidence for substantial effects of modifiable maternal exposures on offspring blood pressure (BP), but this may have been because almost all the studies reported on BP in early and mid-childhood.

Methods: This study uses data on 4723 mother-child pairs, collected as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Bristol, England between 1991 and 1997; associations between three maternal variables (smoking during pregnancy, age at childbirth and prenatal diet) and offspring BP at approximately 15 years were assessed. Comparisons of maternal and paternal associations with offspring BP were carried out as a way of evaluating whether prenatal exposures exerted an influence through intrauterine effects.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring trajectories of height and adiposity: comparing maternal and paternal associations.

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with reduced offspring birth length and has been postulated as a risk factor for obesity. Causality for obesity is not established. Causality is well-supported for birth length, but evidence on persistence of height deficits is inconsistent.

Cross-sectional association between smoking depictions in films and adolescent tobacco use nested in a British cohort study.

Objective: To assess associations between exposure to smoking depictions in films and adolescent tobacco use in a British population cohort.

Methods: Data on exposure to smoking in films and smoking behaviour were collected from 5166 15-year-old adolescents in the UK. Main outcome measures were smoking initiation (ever tried a cigarette) and current smoking status.

Drawing causal inferences in epidemiologic studies of early life influences.

Observational studies can describe associations between early life exposures and subsequent outcomes in human populations. It is challenging to draw causal inferences from these associations because exposures often occur many years before the outcome and are related to other early life exposures. An approach is required that combines traditional epidemiologic and statistical principles with the use of novel and sophisticated analytic methods.