Antisense oligonucleotides in the treatment of bladder cancer.

This review examines the role that antisense oligonucleotides play in the treatment of superficial and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The unique environment of the urinary bladder allows intravesical instillation of antisense oligonucleotides, and researchers have already demonstrated uptake of antisense oligonucleotides in models of bladder cancer. Second, proof of principle has been established by demonstrating downregulation of the antisense target mRNA and protein.

Oligoclonality in bladder cancer: the implication for molecular therapies.

Purpose: There is conflicting evidence in the published literature regarding the clonal or oligoclonal origin of bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: A MEDLINE search of articles on the clonality, genetic, epigenetic and tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer cells was done. Laboratory and clinical studies were included and relevant articles were selected if tumor cell clonality was part of the study.