Bolus injections of novel thrombogenic site-targeted fusion proteins comprising annexin-V and Kunitz protease inhibitors attenuate intimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty.

Background: Systemic administrations of conventional antithrombotics reduce neointima formation after angioplasty in experimental animals. However, clinical translation of these results has not been successful due to high risk for bleeding.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether novel annexin-V (ANV)-Kunitz protease inhibitor fusion proteins, TAP-ANV and ANV-6L15, can specifically target to vascular injury site and limit neointima formation without inducing systemic hypo-coagulation in a rat carotid artery balloon angioplasty injury model.

Expression of somatostatin, cortistatin, and somatostatin receptors in human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Increasing evidence suggests that neuropeptides play a role in the regulatory mechanisms between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. A differential expression of the five known somatostatin (SS) receptors (sst1-5) has been demonstrated in human immune cells and tissues. However, little is known concerning regulation and expression of sst1-5 and the peptide SS.