Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea.

Background: The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane (CH) analogues, primarily bromoform (CHBr). This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of CHBr from A. taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is diet-dependent.

Effect of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on methane production and rumen microbiome assemblage.

Background: Recent studies using batch-fermentation suggest that the red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis has the potential to reduce methane (CH) production from beef cattle by up to ~ 99% when added to Rhodes grass hay; a common feed in the Australian beef industry. These experiments have shown significant reductions in CH without compromising other fermentation parameters (i.e.

Mid-Treatment Sleep Duration Predicts Clinically Significant Knee Osteoarthritis Pain reduction at 6 months: Effects From a Behavioral Sleep Medicine Clinical Trial.

Study Objectives: To determine the relative influence of sleep continuity (sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, total sleep time [TST], and wake after sleep onset) on clinical pain outcomes within a trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) for patients with comorbid knee osteoarthritis and insomnia.

Methods: Secondary analyses were performed on data from 74 patients with comorbid insomnia and knee osteoarthritis who completed a randomized clinical trial of 8-session multicomponent CBT-I versus an active behavioral desensitization control condition (BD), including a 6-month follow-up assessment. Data used herein include daily diaries of sleep parameters, actigraphy data, and self-report questionnaires administered at specific time points.

A mediational model of obesity related disordered eating: The roles of childhood emotional abuse and self-perception.

The extant literature indicates negative self-perceptions are a risk factor for disordered eating (DE) and DE is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. While childhood emotional abuse (EA) is often linked to DE and obesity, it is typically not included in comprehensive models of these health problems. Further investigation of interactions among EA, self-perception, and DE is needed to refine treatments for overweight, obesity, and DE.

Personal assistance, disability, and intimate partner violence: A guide for healthcare providers.

Purpose/objective: Our objective was to provide evidence-based guidance for health care providers to engage in brief and extensive assessment of intimate partner violence (IPV) and to initiate appropriate safety precautions and referrals, all within the context of disability. Research Method/Design: This article is a review of the literature on prevalence and risk factors for IPV in nondisabled couples and in couples where a partner has a disability, on various assessment tools, and on the impact of personal assistance on relationships.

Results: When an individual has a disability, it is often her or his partner who provides personal assistance.

The Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire (WRAQ): Reliability, validity, and clinical utility.

Weight-related teasing (WRT)/stigmatization may be distinct from teasing and general abuse and may differentially impact adult outcomes. As WRT increases in severity so do depression and disordered eating. Currently, there are no validated measures designed to assess abuse specific to weight.

Weight-related abuse: Perceived emotional impact and the effect on disordered eating.

The purpose of this article was to evaluate theories that (1) weight-related abuse (WRA) plays a unique role in the development of disordered eating, above and beyond general childhood verbal abuse and weight-related teasing, and (2) the perceived emotional impact of WRA mediates the relationship between WRA and current disordered eating. Self-report questionnaires on childhood trauma, weight-related teasing, WRA, and current eating behaviors were administered to a total of 383 undergraduate students. In initial regressions, WRA significantly predicted binge eating, emotional eating, night eating, and unhealthy weight control.

Childhood verbal abuse: a risk factor for depression in pre-bariatric surgery psychological evaluations.

The present study evaluated the importance of multimodal assessment of childhood verbal abuse (CVA) in pre-bariatric surgery psychological evaluations, and the role of CVA as a predictor of depression. Data from the psychological evaluations of 184 pre-bariatric surgery patients were retrospectively examined. Using two self-report measures and an interview-based screen, 52.

Childhood abuse, adult interpersonal abuse, and depression in individuals with extreme obesity.

This study sought to examine (a) a mediational model of childhood abuse, adult interpersonal abuse, and depressive symptoms and (b) the impact of weight-related teasing on rates and correlates of childhood abuse. Charts of 187 extremely obese individuals seeking psychological clearance for bariatric (weight-loss) surgery were retrospectively examined. Among the participants, 61% reported a history of childhood abuse, 30.

Key process issues in Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP): translation of an evidence-based model into clinical practice and training.

Our "desired outcome" in writing this article was to present not only key process issues stemming from the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP; McCullough, 2000), but to highlight those therapy maneuvers that we, a "seasoned" clinician/supervisor and a clinical trainee, find most useful in delivering treatment and in conducting supervision. We strongly believe that it is only through the translation of evidence-based therapeutic models, such as CBASP, into effective training that a true integration of science and practice can be obtained. Thus, the congruence of trainer's and trainee's views on what constitute top process issues in therapy is important in evaluating the reliability of a therapy model; with this in mind, we focus on three process issues, as follows: (1) problems are anchored to the "here and now" and to specific situational outcomes; (2) patients are encouraged to identify the role they play in affecting their distressing outcomes and to take responsibility for "fixing" them; and (3) the therapist planfully engages in the process of change via disciplined personal involvement.

Adjustment problems and maladaptive relational style: a mediational model of sexual coercion in intimate relationships.

Four hundred and fifty-three married or cohabitating couples participated in the current study. A meditational model of men's perpetration of sexual coercion within an intimate relationship was examined based on past theories and known correlates of rape and sexual coercion. The latent constructs of adjustment problems and maladaptive relational style were examined.

CT urograms in pediatric patients with ureteral calculi: do adult criteria work?

Background: Secondary signs of urinary obstruction associated with ureteral calculi are useful adjuncts to diagnosis in adults with renal colic evaluated by unenhanced helical CT.

Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the frequency of secondary signs of obstruction in children with renal colic undergoing unenhanced helical CT.

Materials And Methods: Ureteral calculi were identified in 20 of 61 children with acute flank pain examined by unenhanced helical CT.

Keep your eyes on the ribs: the spectrum of normal variants and diseases that involve the ribs.

A variety of normal variants or pathologic conditions of the ribs may be overlooked at chest radiography if the ribs are not evaluated carefully. Rib lesions may simulate pulmonary disease as well. Normal rib variants include cervical, intrathoracic, and pelvic ribs; forked rib; fusion and bridging; and pseudarthrosis of the first rib.

Ureteroscopic removal of mid and proximal ureteral calculi.

Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered standard therapy for most renal calculi as well as more than 80% of all upper urinary tract stones. The development of flexible and small diameter rigid ureteroscopes, and the increased availability of laser lithotriptors have made endoscopic treatment of ureteral calculi more successful and safe. This report represents our contemporary series of 80 single mid and proximal ureteral calculi treated endoscopically.