Publications by authors named "Salvatore Raieli"

Article Synopsis
  • Researchers are exploring extracellular vesicle (EV)-carried miRNAs as potential biomarkers for assessing tumor aggressiveness and tailoring therapies, due to their stability and tissue specificity.
  • A study identified nine miRNAs significantly upregulated in RMS patients, with miR-335-5p showing promise as a marker for distinguishing ARMS from ERMS, correlating with disease severity and patient survival outcomes.
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Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive lung cancer type, and is associated with smoking, low survival rate due to high vascularization, metastasis and drug resistance. Alterations in family members are biomarkers of poor prognosis for a large number of SCLC. In particular, alterations define SCLC cases with immunotherapy failure.

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Among childhood cancers, neuroblastoma is the most diffuse solid tumor and the deadliest in children. While to date, the pathology has become progressively manageable with a significant increase in 5-year survival for its less aggressive form, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) remains a major issue with poor outcome and little survivability of patients. The staging system has also been improved to better fit patient needs and to administer therapies in a more focused manner in consideration of pathology features.

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Background: Neuroblastoma is a deadly childhood cancer, and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (MNA-NB) patients have the worst prognoses and are therapy-resistant. While retinoic acid (RA) is beneficial for some neuroblastoma patients, the cause of RA resistance is unknown. Thus, there remains a need for new therapies to treat neuroblastoma.

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A wide range of malignancies presents amplification (MNA) or dysregulation. is associated with poor prognosis and its over-expression leads to several dysregulations including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondria alteration, and cancer stem cell phenotype. Some hints suggest that overexpression leads to cancer immune-escape.

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Approximately half of high-risk neuroblastoma is characterized by MYCN amplification. N-Myc promotes tumor progression by inducing cell growth and inhibiting differentiation. MYCN has also been shown to play an active role in mitochondrial metabolism, but this relationship is not well understood.

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Article Synopsis
  • Gram-positive (Gram+) infections are serious global threats, and this study highlights the important role of type I interferon (IFN) in the immune response, specifically focusing on plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs) which produce type I IFN after sensing viruses and potentially bacteria.* -
  • The research shows that human pDCs express toll-like receptors (TLR1 and TLR2) that allow them to respond to bacterial lipoproteins, with TLR1 involved in enhancing costimulatory molecules and inflammatory cytokines, while TLR2 is crucial for type I IFN secretion.* -
  • Findings reveal that different signaling pathways are activated by TLR1 and TLR2
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Plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells (pDC) are a specialized DC population with a great potential to produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN). pDC are involved in the initiation of antiviral immune responses through their interaction with innate and adaptive immune cell populations. In a context-dependent manner, pDC activation can induce their differentiation into mature DC able to induce both T cell activation or tolerance.

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