Impact of porcine brush border membrane enzymes on INFOGEST in vitro digestion model: A step forward to mimic the small intestinal phase.

Brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes greatly affect the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of food nutrients. Despite their physiological importance, a step simulating the final stage of intestinal digestion has not yet been included in the harmonized protocols for in vitro digestion, primarily due to the challenges of replicating the dynamics of intestinal degradation. Herein, we propose an advancement toward a more physiologically relevant method, complementing the harmonized static gastric-duodenal digestion INFOGEST model with the missing small intestinal phase.

Toxic element (As, Cd, Pb and Hg) biodistribution and blood biomarkers in Barbaresca sheep raised in Sicily: One Health preliminary study.

The health of humans, animals and the environment is interconnected. Adopting a One Health approach means intervening promptly to prevent the main diseases that affect animal health to guarantee the safety of livestock production. Exposure to toxic trace elements in sheep can lead to increased accumulation in different biological substrate, developing both acute and chronic diseases in humans and livestock.

Tritordeum: Promising Cultivars to Improve Health.

Tritordeum is an amphiploides species resulting from the hybridization between durum wheat () and wild barley (). This new cereal is considered a natural crop as it is obtained by traditional breeding techniques. Given its appreciable organoleptic characteristics, agronomic features, presence of interesting components, and good technological properties, Tritordeum is of promising interest for the development of health-oriented foods.

Circadian Variation of Peripheral Blood Cells in Horses Maintained in Different Environmental and Management Conditions.

The aim of our study was to analyze circadian rhythm of the hematological profile of horses housed in a loose box and paddock during the different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter). Blood samples were performed every 4 h for 48 consecutive hours. Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets (PLTs), and leukocyte subpopulations (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) were analyzed, and, at the same time, environmental conditions were recorded.

Diurnal variation in rectal and cutaneous temperatures of horses housed under different management conditions.

Thermoregulation is an important mechanism to ensure thermal homeostasis. In horses, different housing conditions could influence this mechanism by exposing animals to different microclimates. The circadian rhythm of body temperature is well known.

Bacteria do it better! Proteomics suggests the molecular basis for improved digestibility of sourdough products.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of proteolysis during dough fermentation started with different lactic acid bacteria species, through the identification of intermediate and small-sized peptides generated during fermentation. Single-strain cultures of Levilactobacillus brevis, Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis, Companilactobacillus alimentarius, and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides were assayed as sourdough starters. Assays were carried out at lab-scale for 48 h of fermentation, using both unstarted and yeast-leavened dough as controls.

A New Approach for Impedance Tracking of Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters Based on a Zeta Converter.

Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are a reduced, but fundamental, source of power for embedded, remote, and no-grid connected electrical systems. Some key limits, such as low power density, poor conversion efficiency, high internal impedance, and AC output, can be partially overcome by matching their internal electrical impedance to that of the applied resistance load. However, the applied resistance load can vary significantly in time, since it depends on the vibration frequency and the working temperature.

E40, a novel microbial protease efficiently detoxifying gluten proteins, for the dietary management of gluten intolerance.

Gluten proteins are the causative agent of Celiac Disease (CD), a life-long food intolerance characterized by an autoimmune enteropathy. Inadvertent gluten exposure is frequent even in celiac patients complying with a gluten-free diet, and the supplementation of exogenous gluten-digestive enzymes (glutenases) is indeed a promising approach to reduce the risk of dietary gluten boost. Here we describe Endopeptidase 40, a novel glutenase discovered as secreted protein from the soil actinomycete Actinoallomurus A8, and its recombinant active form produced by Streptomyces lividans TK24.

Threads Made with Blended Biopolymers: Mechanical, Physical and Biological Features.

Poly (Lactic Acid), PLA, and Poly (ε-CaproLactone), PCL, compatibilized with Ethyl Ester l-Lysine Triisocyanate (LTI) can be employed as biomaterials. We mixed PLA with PCL and LTI in a twin extruder and by a melt spinning process obtained threads with an average diameter of about 0.3 mm.

Comparative analysis of protein composition and digestibility of Ceratonia siliqua L. and Prosopis spp. seed germ flour.

By virtue of exclusive nutrient composition and nutritional properties, seed germ flours from both European carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and South American algarrobo (Prosopis alba and Prosopis nigra) or vinal (Prosopis ruscifolia) have potential as a high nutritional value and health-promoting ingredient for food formulations. In order to define their compositional and functional properties, we investigated the germ protein content of carob compared to the P.

Comprehensive analysis of the peanut allergome combining 2-DE gel-based and gel-free proteomics.

In this work, we explored the "deep" seed peanut proteome by using both two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based analysis run under reducing and non-reducing condition (protein-centric) and LC-MS/MS gel-free proteomic (peptide-centric). The former approach allowed to identify high molecular weight disulfide-linked Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 heteroligomers and Ara h 1 homoligomers linked through covalent bonds other than disulfides. The occurrence of these protein complexes revealed natural interactions between Ara(s) subunits with a possible involvement in the allergenic potential of peanut.

Sorghum, a healthy and gluten-free food for celiac patients as demonstrated by genome, biochemical, and immunochemical analyses.

Wheat (Triticum spp. L.), rye (Secale cereal L.

Proteomic-based analytical approach for the characterization of glutenin subunits in durum wheat.

One of the main objectives of wheat glutenin subunit (GS) analysis is the identification of protein components linked to wheat quality. The proteomic characterization of glutenin has to consider the relatively low levels of arginine and lysine residues and the close sequence similarity among the different groups of these subunits, which hinders or even prevents the identification of the GS. In this study, a proteomic approach has been applied to resolve the heterogeneity of wheat glutenin components.

Synthesis of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in apoptotic tissue from Suberites domuncula: cell biological, molecular biological, and chemical analyses.

Sessile marine animals, such as sponges, are prone to infection by prokaryotic as well as by eukaryotic attacking organisms. Using the sponge Suberites domuncula we document for the first time that in its apoptotic tissue a toxic compound is produced that very likely controls the elimination of the dying tissue. Apoptosis was induced by exposing the sponges to 2,2'-dipyridyl or by maintaining them under nonaeration conditions.

Development in primary cell culture of demosponges.

We have established primary cell culture of the marine demosponge Dysidea avara and Suberites domuncula. Microbial contamination was controlled by the use of a pool of antibiotics confirming the goodness of this procedure. Effect of pH, temperature and light was studied to establish the better growth conditions.