Imaging and mapping the impact of clouds on skyglow with all-sky photometry.

Artificial skyglow is constantly growing on a global scale, with potential ecological consequences ranging up to affecting biodiversity. To understand these consequences, worldwide mapping of skyglow for all weather conditions is urgently required. In particular, the amplification of skyglow by clouds needs to be studied, as clouds can extend the reach of skyglow into remote areas not affected by light pollution on clear nights.

Assessing satisfaction with pain medication in primary care patients: development and psychometric validation of a new measure.

Background: The measurement of patient satisfaction with pain medication (SPM) is a potentially useful aid for health care decision-making, but no validated measures for SPM are known.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an instrument to assess this patient-reported outcome in primary care and to evaluate whether it satisfactorily fulfilled the required psychometric properties (ie, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change).

Methods: The measure's content was obtained from literature reviews, focus groups, and expert opinion.