The m-TORC1 inhibitor Sirolimus increases the effectiveness of Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, impairing NRF2 antioxidant signaling.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a subtype of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, the most common group of malignancies worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment approved for specific subtypes of SCC. Some malignancies resist PDT, forming more aggressive tumors and multiple relapses.

The effect of Fernblock® in preventing blue-light-induced oxidative stress and cellular damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells is associated with NRF2 induction.

Blue light exposure of the ocular apparatus is currently rising. This has motivated a growing concern about potential deleterious effects on different eye structures. To address this, ARPE-19 cells were used as a model of the retinal pigment epithelium and subjected to cumulative expositions of blue light.

Exploring the factors influencing evidence-based approaches to advanced chronic kidney disease: a qualitative study involving nurses and physicians.

Background: Advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) is associated with a high risk of adverse cardiovascular and renal events and has a significant impact on quality of life and life expectancy. Several studies have identified areas for improvement in their management in primary care. Some professional and environmental factors can act as key barriers to appropriate care.

Application of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy in vivo in the evaluation of nevi in children.

Background: Melanocytic nevi are frequently observed in the pediatric population. While newly acquired nevi can appear during childhood, congenital nevi can continue to grow and clinically change, making patient caregivers concerned. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in vivo is a noninvasive tool that might enhance the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy, reducing the rate of unnecessary surgical procedures.

New trends on personalized sunscreens.

Background/purpose: Nowadays, there are emerging trends in customized and personalized photoprotection, focusing on the innovative approaches to enhance sun protection efficacy tailored to individual needs.

Methods: We conducted an electronic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Skin Register, and TESEO. Specific search terms related to personalized photoprotection and the variables of age, genetic predisposition, skin phototype, photodermatosis, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, as well as lifestyle habits were used.

International expert recommendations on image acquisition for in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of cutaneous tumors.

Background: No international recommendations exist for a minimum imaging requirement per lesion using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). This may be beneficial given the increasing use of remote RCM interpretation internationally.

Objective: To develop international expert recommendations for image acquisition using tissue-coupled RCM for diagnosis of cutaneous tumors.

Handheld cross-polarised microscope for imaging individual pigmented cells in human skin in vivo.

We present the development of a simple, handheld cross-polarised microscope (CPM) and demonstration of imaging individual pigmented cells in human skin in vivo. In the CPM device, the cross-polarised detection approach is used to reduce the specular reflection from the skin surface and preferentially detect multiply-scattered light. The multiply-scattered light works as back illumination from within the tissue towards the skin surface, and superficial pigment such as intraepidermal melanin absorbs some spectral bands of the multiply-scattered light and cast coloured shadows.

Clinical Applications of (Fernblock): An Update.

Exposure to sun radiation leads to higher risk of sunburn, pigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging and skin cancer. In addition to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), recent research indicates that infrared radiation (IR) and visible light (VIS) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of some of these processes. Detrimental effects associated with sun exposure are well known, but new studies have shown that DNA damage continues to occur long after exposure to solar radiation has ended.

Final Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease with Conservative Kidney Management or Renal Replacement Therapy: A Primary-Care Population Study.

Background: Studies focus on the incidence and risk factors (RFs) associated with reaching the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD-G5) and receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Analysis of those related to reaching CKD-G5 while receiving conservative kidney management (CKM) has been neglected.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study analysing electronic health records of individuals aged ≥ 50 with eGFR < 60 mL/min/m.

The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively) was performed. Both carcinomas share some but not all histological and genetic features.

Introduction to the Special Issue on "Keratinocyte Carcinomas: Biology and Evolving Non-Invasive Management Paradigms".

Keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) are the most prevalent form of cancer worldwide, and their incidence is rising dramatically, with an increasing trend in recent years [...

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial.

Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The combination of oral and topical photoprotection with a standardized Polypodium leucotomos extract is beneficial against actinic keratosis.

Introduction: This study describes a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled, open-label study with three arms aimed at studying the differences between: [Cnt], self-administered sun protection; [T], topical treatment; and [TO], topical + oral treatment; for the management of Actinic Keratosis (AK) in a cohort of subjects of advanced age displaying severe actinic damage (SAD).

Methods: Treatments administered to groups [T] and [TO] had a common component, which is a botanical extract, Fernblock, with demonstrated photoprotective activity.

Results: In total, 131 subjects were distributed randomly in the three groups, and followed up clinically at three separate time points, beginning of the study (t = 0) and after 6 and 12 months.

Cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease in primary care patients with previous type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension. A population-based epidemiological study (KIDNEES).

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Hypertension (HTN) are frequently associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to estimate the impact of a prior diagnosis of T2D and/or HTN on clinical characteristics, cardiovascular events (CVE) and all-cause mortality (ACM) of patients with CKD.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on primary care electronic health records of people without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, aged 18-90 years with incident CKD between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017.

Tertiary lymphoid structures accompanied by fibrillary matrix morphology impact anti-tumor immunity in basal cell carcinomas.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are specialized lymphoid formations that serve as local repertoire of T- and B-cells at sites of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. While presence of TLS has been associated with improved response to immune checkpoint blockade therapies and overall outcomes in several cancers, its prognostic value in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has not been investigated. Herein, we determined the prognostic impact of TLS by relating its prevalence and maturation with outcome measures of anti-tumor immunity, namely tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor killing.

Potent Virucidal Activity In Vitro of Photodynamic Therapy with Extract as Photosensitizer and White Light against Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E.

The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its high infectivity rate has highlighted the strong need for new virucidal treatments. In this sense, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with white light, to take advantage of the sunlight, is a potent strategy for decreasing the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. Here, we report the virucidal effect of PDT based on extract (HE) in combination with white light, which exhibits an inhibitory activity of the human coronavirus HCoV-229E on hepatocarcinoma Huh-7 cells.

Protective Effect of the Hydrophilic Extract of , Fernblock, against the Synergistic Action of UVA Radiation and Benzo[a]pyrene Pollutant.

Oxidative stress is a harmful effect induced on the skin by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) air pollutants. This effect is amplified by the additive damaging effect of the sun, especially through the UVA light component. Besides being one of the main compounds that make up air pollution, BaP can also be found in tar, tobacco smoke, and various foods.

Tumor microenvironment in non-melanoma skin cancer resistance to photodynamic therapy.

Non-melanoma skin cancer has recently seen an increase in prevalence, and it is estimated that this grow will continue in the coming years. In this sense, the importance of therapy effectiveness has increased, especially photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy has attracted much attention as a minimally invasive, selective and repeatable approach for skin cancer treatment and prevention.

Dermoscopic changes in 22 extrafacial in situ and invasive lentiginous melanomas.

Background: Diagnosis of non-facial melanomas on sun-damaged skin or extrafacial lentigo maligna is challenging.

Objectives: To identify the evolutionary dermoscopic signs, characteristic of this type of non-facial melanoma on sun-damaged skin.

Materials & Methods: This retrospective descriptive observational study included 90 dermoscopic follow-up images of 22 non-facial melanomas on sun-damaged skin from 17 high-risk melanoma patients, followed with digital dermoscopy and diagnosed between January 2016 and October 2020.

Influence of serum vitamin D level in the response of actinic keratosis to ingenol mebutate.

Vitamin D (VD) serum levels, and keratinocytic basal expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) before treatment of actinic keratoses (AK) have been previously reported as possible biomarkers of the response of AK to treatments. We intended to evaluate the association between these and other serum and immunohistochemical parameters with the response of AK to treatment with topical ingenol mebutate (IM). Twenty-five patients with AK on the head were treated with topical IM 0.

In vivo tumor immune microenvironment phenotypes correlate with inflammation and vasculature to predict immunotherapy response.

Response to immunotherapies can be variable and unpredictable. Pathology-based phenotyping of tumors into 'hot' and 'cold' is static, relying solely on T-cell infiltration in single-time single-site biopsies, resulting in suboptimal treatment response prediction. Dynamic vascular events (tumor angiogenesis, leukocyte trafficking) within tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) also influence anti-tumor immunity and treatment response.

SCA Slows the Decline of Functional Parameters Associated with Senescence in Skin Cells.

The identification of compounds and natural ingredients that can counteract tissue stress and dysfunction induced by aging in skin cells is warranted. Here, we investigated the activity of the secretion from the snail (SCA), an active compound with well-established beneficial effects on skin integrity and aging. To determinate its senescence-regulation mechanisms, we used a model where damage was induced by hydrogen peroxide (HO).