Performance of ChatGPT on questions from the Brazilian College of Radiology annual resident evaluation test.

Objective: To test the performance of ChatGPT on radiology questions formulated by the Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia (CBR, Brazilian College of Radiology), evaluating its failures and successes.

Materials And Methods: 165 questions from the CBR annual resident assessment (2018, 2019, and 2022) were presented to ChatGPT. For statistical analysis, the questions were divided by the type of cognitive skills assessed (lower or higher order), by topic (physics or clinical), by subspecialty, by style (description of a clinical finding or sign, clinical management of a case, application of a concept, calculation/classification of findings, correlations between diseases, or anatomy), and by target academic year (all, second/third year, or third year only).

Drivers of Global Health Care Worker Migration.

The migration of health care workers on a global scale has emerged as a complex and critical issue, profoundly affecting the dynamics of health care systems worldwide. The authors delve into the multifaceted drivers behind the unprecedented migration of health care professionals, seeking to illuminate the interconnected factors that propel this phenomenon. The investigation encompasses economic, social, and professional dimensions, acknowledging the intricate interplay of factors influencing the decision of health care professionals to migrate.

Pixel-level annotated dataset of computed tomography angiography images of acute pulmonary embolism.

Pulmonary embolism has a high incidence and mortality, especially if undiagnosed. The examination of choice for diagnosing the disease is computed tomography pulmonary angiography. As many factors can lead to misinterpretations and diagnostic errors, different groups are utilizing deep learning methods to help improve this process.

Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis in immunocompetent patient: Case report and literature review.

Sporotrichosis is a global occurring implantation (subcutaneous) mycosis, caused by species, usually affecting the skin and the lymphatic vessels, from where it can disseminate. Nowadays, the vast majority of sporotrichosis infections in Brazil are caused by zoonotic transmission of which is the main etiologic agent. We report a cutaneous disseminated case of this disease, observed in an immunocompetent farmer living in southern Brazil, the -infection was successfully treated with itraconazole.

Knowledge of use of antibiotics among consumers in Tanzania.

Background: Studies assessing consumers' knowledge of the rational use of antibiotics are essential to understand the knowledge gap before intervention strategies are instituted.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge of rational use of antibiotics among consumers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: A cross-sectional study assessing knowledge of rational use of antibiotics among 960 consumers was conducted in Dar es salaam in March 2021.

A 3D Printer Guide for the Development and Application of Electrochemical Cells and Devices.

3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing (AM), a technology that is on the rise and works by building parts in three dimensions by the deposit of raw material layer upon layer. In this review, we explore the use of 3D printers to prototype electrochemical cells and devices for various applications within chemistry. Recent publications reporting the use of Fused Deposition Modelling (fused deposition modeling®) technique will be mostly covered, besides papers about the application of other different types of 3D printing, highlighting the advances in the technology for promising applications in the near future.

Breast myiasis: Are we prepared for the correct diagnosis?

Cutaneous myiasis is an endemic infestation in Latin America and Africa. Many unusual sites of larval infection can cause diagnostic confusion, especially if the patient is not from an endemic area. In the breast, the furuncular aspect suggests some differential diagnosis.

Dosimetry and Comparison between Different CT Protocols (Low Dose, Ultralow Dose, and Conventional CT) for Lung Nodules' Detection in a Phantom.

Background: The effects of dose reduction in lung nodule detection need better understanding.

Purpose: To compare the detection rate of simulated lung nodules in a chest phantom using different computed tomography protocols, low dose (LD), ultralow dose (ULD), and conventional (CCT), and to quantify their respective amount of radiation.

Materials And Methods: A chest phantom containing 93 simulated lung nodules was scanned using five different protocols: ULD (80 kVp/30 mA), LD A (120 kVp/20 mA), LD B (100 kVp/30 mA), LD C (120 kVp/30 mA), and CCT (120 kVp/automatic mA).

Olfactory function and findings on chest computed tomography in COVID-19: is there any correlation?

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is frequent in COVID-19 and it might occur along with pulmonary involvement. These manifestations do not seem to share pathophysiological mechanisms, but clinical data on the subject is lacking. Aims/Objectives: This study aims to correlate the olfactory function (OF) and the radiological pulmonary involvement among in-hospital patients with COVID-19.

Central nervous system and spinal cord tuberculosis: Revisiting an important disease.

Tuberculosis is a worldwide pandemic. Estimated that about 25% humans are colonized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and about 1% are believed to develop the infection in the central nervous system (CNS-TB). Given the importance of this disease and its high levels of morbidity and mortality, it is imperative that every radiologist must be reminded of the most common findings of CNS-TB as there are several related differential diagnoses for this disease.

Nodular Human Lagochilascariasis Lesion in Hunter, Brazil.

Lagochilascariasis is a rare helminthic infection caused by Lagochilascaris minor nematodes and found in Latin America; most cases are reported in the Amazon region. We report on a case observed in a hunter in southern Brazil and describe scanning electron microscopy results for L. minor adult forms.

Image evaluation and breast density categories as a function of mammary positioning in full-field digital mammography.

Background: Appropriate mammary positioning is an important factor in optimizing image quality in mammography (MMG).

Purpose: To study the correlation of quality criteria and breast density classification proposed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and European Guidelines and its influence to achieve a proper positioning, therefore an adequate MMG.

Material And Methods: A total of 128 routine MMG examinations were reviewed for the definition of breast composition parenchyma and assessment of several quality criteria proposed by the ACR and European Guidelines to achieve an adequate MMG.

The first central nervous system autopsy in Southern Brazil.

Objective: The history of Anatomical Pathology in the state of Paraná, in southern Brazil, is closely linked with the foundation of the Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). This study identified the first central nervous system (CNS) clinical autopsy performed by the Department of Anatomical Pathology of the UFPR.

Methods: This study reviewed the autopsy report archives of the Hospital de Clínicas-UFPR from 1951 onward.

Charcoal granuloma mimicking breast cancer: an emerging diagnosis.

Background: Image-guided charcoal injection in suspicious breast lesions for preoperative localization is a procedure that has been increasing over the years because it is safer, faster, and more affordable when compared to needle-wire preoperative localization. To date, no complications have been associated with the method. However, in recent years there have been some reports about charcoal granulomas mimicking malignant lesions in some postoperative patients or in a conservative follow-up.

Geographical evaluation of Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis in Southern Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis among immunocompetent patients in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the expansion over time and the geographical distribution of confirmed Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM) and PCM cases, and relate it to environmental characteristics such as climate, soil types and coffee crops. This was a retrospective study of autopsy and biopsy reports between 1951 and 2014 from the Medical Pathology Section of the Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Southern Brazil.

Autopsy and biopsy study of paracoccidioidomycosis and neuroparacoccidioidomycosis with and without HIV co-infection.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis prevalent among immunocompetent patients in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the frequency, demographics and clinical characteristics of central nervous system PCM (NPCM) and PCM in an endemic region, and the impact of human immunosuppression virus (HIV) co-infection. This was a retrospective study of autopsy and biopsy reports from the Medical Pathology Section of the Hospital de Clinicas, UFPR, Curitiba, Southern Brazil, between 1951 and 2014.

Neurological and multiple organ involvement due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and HIV co-infection diagnosed at autopsy.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is the most prevalent systemic mycosis among immunocompetent patients in Latin America; it is rare in immunocompromised patients. The estimated frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in the HIV/PCM population was 2.5%.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce mortality compared to angiotensin receptor blockers: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background There are few reviews comparing the long-term outcomes of the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in a hypertensive population because both are effective in reducing blood pressure. None of them compared angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers with a placebo group in patients with essential hypertension, because few studies exist with this design. Methods A systematic search of PUBMED, LILACS, SCIELO, ICTRP, Cochrane, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.