Routes of importation and spatial dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants during localized interventions in Chile.

Human mobility is strongly associated with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 via air travel on an international scale and with population mixing and the number of people moving between locations on a local scale. However, these conclusions are drawn mostly from observations in the context of the global north where international and domestic connectivity is heavily influenced by the air travel network; scenarios where land-based mobility can also dominate viral spread remain understudied. Furthermore, research on the effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has mostly focused on national- or regional-scale implementations, leaving gaps in our understanding of the potential benefits of implementing NPIs at higher granularity.

Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies of Meniscus Root Tears: A Scoping Review.

Background: Meniscus root tears comprise 10% to 21% of all meniscal tears. These tears alter knee biomechanics, elevating contact pressure, akin to a meniscectomy. Consequently, they are linked to advanced joint degeneration and cartilage damage in the affected compartment.

Comparing Severity of Knee Arthritis at an Urban Center by Insurance Type Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty.

This study compares radiographic osteoarthritis severity prior with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by payer type. Five hundred and three primary TKAs were included. Preoperative radiographs were scored by Ahlback, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) classifications.

Partial Meniscectomy Yields Comparable Outcomes and Failure Rates to Meniscal Repair for Horizontal Cleavage Tears, With Fewer Complication Rates but Greater Progression of Degenerative Changes.

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes, failure rates, surgical complications, and postoperative radiographic changes following partial meniscectomy versus meniscal repair for horizontal cleavage tears (HCTs).

Methods: A literature search was performed according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the Scopus, PubMed, and Embase computerized databases. Clinical studies evaluating partial meniscectomy or meniscal repair for HCTs were included.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Results in Similar Patient-Reported Outcome Measures as Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Prospective Comparative Studies.

Purpose: To investigate the patient-reported outcomes (PROs), knee stability, and complications in prospective comparative studies of patients undergoing augmented anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair compared with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: A literature search was performed according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Human clinical studies of Level I-II evidence comparing PROs, knee stability, and complications after ACL repair and reconstruction were included, and a qualitative analysis was performed.

Accuracy assessment of ChatGPT responses to frequently asked questions regarding anterior cruciate ligament surgery.

Background: The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed users to have access to large sources of information in a chat-like manner. Thereby, we sought to evaluate ChatGPT-4 response's accuracy to the 10 patient most frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.

Methods: A list of the top 10 FAQs pertaining to ACL surgery was created after conducting a search through all Sports Medicine Fellowship Institutions listed on the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA) and American Orthopaedic Society of Sports Medicine (AOSSM) websites.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients Aged 50 Years and Older Results in Improvements in Activity and Functional Outcome Measures, Whereas Reported Complication Rates Vary Widely: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To systematically review the contemporary literature and evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), functional knee measures, and the incidence of complications in patients aged 50 years and older undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) at short- to mid-term follow-up.

Methods: A literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, spanning from database inception to November 2023, in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. The inclusion criteria consisted of clinical studies reporting PROMs, measures of knee stability, and complication rates after ACLR in patients aged 50 years and older with minimum 2-year follow-up.

Geniculate Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis Improves Pain and Function at Short-Term Follow-Up With Significant Procedural Heterogeneity Described Across the Literature: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To evaluate procedural heterogeneity, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and complications following geniculate artery embolization (GAE) for knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception to August 2023 according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Human clinical studies reporting PROs following GAE for treatment of knee OA were included, and a qualitative comparison across PROs, procedural descriptions, and complications was performed.

Association between the home-to-healthcare center distance and hearing aid abandonment among older adults.

Background: Access to audiology services for older adults residing in sparsely populated regions is often limited compared to those in central urban areas. The geographic accessibility to follow-up care, particularly the influence of distance, may contribute to an increased risk of hearing aid abandonment.

Objective: To assess the association between the home-to-healthcare-calibration-center distance and hearing aid abandonment among older adults fitted in the Chilean public health system.

Development of Spatio-Temporal Land Use Regression Models for Fine Particulate Matter and Wood-Burning Tracers in Temuco, Chile.

Biomass burning is common in much of the world, and in some areas, residential wood-burning has increased. However, air pollution resulting from biomass burning is an important public health problem. A sampling campaign was carried out between May 2017 and July 2018 in over 64 sites in four sessions, to develop a spatio-temporal land use regression (LUR) model for fine particulate matter (PM) and wood-burning tracers levoglucosan and soluble potassium (K) in a city heavily impacted by wood-burning.

Temporal and Spatial Trends of Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in a Sample of Births from a Public Hospital in Chile.

Understanding temporal and spatial trends in pregnancy and birth outcomes within an urban area is important for the monitoring of health indicators of a population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all births in the public hospital of Temuco, a medium-sized city in Southern Chile between 2009 and 2016 (n = 17,237). Information on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, as well as spatial and maternal characteristics (insurance type, employment, smoking, age, and overweight/obesity), was collected from medical charts.

Spatio-temporal multidisciplinary analysis of socio-environmental conditions to explore the COVID-19 early evolution in urban sites in South America.

This study aimed to analyse how socio-environmental conditions affected the early evolution of COVID-19 in 14 urban sites in South America based on a spatio-temporal multidisciplinary approach. The daily incidence rate of new COVID-19 cases with symptoms as the dependent variable and meteorological-climatic data (mean, maximum, and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity) as the independent variables were analysed. The study period was from March to November of 2020.

[Epidemiology of cysticercosis in Chile].

Background: Neurocysticercosis is the most prevalent parasitic disease of the central nervous system in Chile, where sporadic cases are reported, without information about the epidemiology or distribution of the disease.

Aim: To identify the main risk zones for cysticercosis in Chile.

Material And Methods: Analysis of hospital discharge databases between 2002 and 2019, available at the website of the Chilean Ministry of Health.

Relationship Between Preoperative and Postoperative Motion After Four-Corner Wrist Fusion for Osteoarthritis: Clustering and Regression Analyses.

Purpose: Four-corner fusion (4CF) is a surgical option for refractory scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse wrist arthritis. Preoperative range of motion (ROM) predicts outcomes in many orthopedic procedures. This study investigates ROM in a cohort of 4CF patients to examine the relationship between preoperative and postoperative motion and identifies different clinical patterns.

Distance to the Neurovascular Bundle for Iliotibial Band Graft Passage During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Pediatric Cadaveric Study.

Background: The Micheli technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has proven to be a reliable method with a minimal risk for growth disturbance among skeletally immature patients.

Purposes: To evaluate the Micheli technique of iliotibial band (ITB) graft passage for ACLR using cadaveric knee models and to measure the distance between the surgical instrument tip and the neurovascular bundle in the posterior knee joint: specifically, the peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, and popliteal artery.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Quality of automatic geocoding tools: a study using addresses from hospital record files in Temuco, Chile.

Automatic geocoding methods have become popular in recent years, facilitating the study of the association between health outcomes and the place of living. However, rather few studies have evaluated geocoding quality, with most of them being performed in the US and Europe. This article aims to compare the quality of three automatic online geocoding tools against a reference method.

[Distribution and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Aysén 2010-2016].

Background: In Chile, cystic echinococcosis is endemic throughout the country and hyperendemic in some regions such as La Araucanía and Aysén and continues to be a neglected public health problem.

Aim: To estímate the risk of human hydatidosis in Aysén, studying the relationship of notifications and hospital discharge rates with social and environmental factors, such as population, multidimensional poverty index, urbanization, average temperature, average rainfall and sheep population.

Methods: Poisson regressions were used to study the factors associated with notifiable diseases and hospital discharge rates and the Besag-York-Mollie model for relative risk.

Modeling the Potential Distribution of the Malaria Vector Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Arid Regions of Northern Chile.

The extreme north of Chile presents a subtropical climate permissive of the establishment of potential disease vectors. (.) is distributed from the south of the United States to the north of Argentina and Chile, and is one of the main vectors of malaria in Latin America.

Temporal and geographic analysis of trichinellosis incidence in Chile with risk assessment.

Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by several Trichinella species around the world. In Chile, the domestic cycle was fairly well-studied in previous decades, but has been neglected in recent years. The aims of this study were to analyze, geographically, the incidence of trichinellosis in Chile to assess the relative risk and to analyze the incidence rate fluctuation in the last decades.

Changes in Age and Geographic Distribution of the Risk of Chagas Disease in Chile from 1989 to 2017.

The interruption of vector-borne transmission of Chagas disease was certified in Chile in 1999. Our goal was to determine the effects of the interruption of vector transmission on the age and spatial distributions of the risk of Chagas disease. We analyzed cases of Chagas disease by age and sex between 1989 and 2017, from notified disease reports of the Ministry of Health.

[Effects of climate change on reproductive number of Chagas disease].

Background: Reproductive number (R0)-maps estimate risk zones of vector-borne diseases and geographical distribution changes under climate change.

Aim: To map R0 aiming to estimate the epidemiological risk of Chagas disease in Chile, its distribution and possible changes due to the global climate change.

Material And Methods: We used a relationship between R0 and entomological parameters of vectors as function of environmental variables, to map the risk of Chagas disease in Chile, under current and projected future environmental conditions.

[Estimates of the spatial distribution of the relative risk of mortality of the main zoonoses in Chile: Chagas disease, hydatidosis, Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and leptospirosis].

Background: Zoonoses are infections caused by all types of etiological transmissible agents from vertebrate animals to humans. During the last decades, the risk to health caused by different zoonoses has been a consequence of the natural distribution of the different etiological agents and by the emergence and reemergence of these diseases.

Aim: To study the distribution of the risk of mortality of the four main zoonoses in continental Chile, based on national mortality data, with the objective of visualizing geographically where to focus the control efforts of these diseases.