Bioavailability of mango (poly)phenols: An evaluation of the impact of the colon, and phenylalanine and tyrosine on the production of phenolic catabolites.

A mango pulp purée was ingested by ileostomists, whose colon had been removed surgically, and subjects with a full gastrointestinal (GI) tract, after which ileal fluid, urine and feces were collected over a 24 h period and analysed by UHPLC-HR-MS. The main (poly)phenols in the purée were gallotannins (356 μmol) and two hydroxy-methoxy-cinnamoyl glucose esters (43 μmol) together with the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine (22 μmol) and tyrosine (209 μmol). Analysis of ileal fluid revealed almost all the ingested gallotannins appeared to have broken down in the upper GI tract with the released benzoic acids being rapidly absorbed into the circulatory system prior to urinary excretion mainly as phase-2 metabolites.

Colon-available mango (poly)phenols exhibit mitigating effects on the intestinal barrier function in human intestinal cell monolayers under inflammatory conditions.

This study investigated the impact of available colon-mango (poly)phenols on stress-induced impairment of intestinal barrier function. Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells were incubated with six extracts of ileal fluid collected pre- and 4-8 h post-mango consumption before being subjected to inflammatory stress. (Poly)phenols in ileal fluids were analysed by UHPLC-HR-MS.

UHPLC-HRMS Spectrometric Analysis: Method Validation and Plasma and Urinary Metabolite Identification after Mango Pulp Intake.

After an acute intake of 300 g of mango purée by 10 subjects, 0 and 24 h urine and plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was first validated for 44 reference polyphenols in terms of linearity, specificity, limits of detection and quantification, intra-day and inter-day precision, recovery, and matrix effects in two biological matrices. After method validation, a total of 94 microbial-derived phenolic catabolites, including 15 cinnamic acids, 3 phenylhydracrylic acids, 14 phenylpropanoic acids, 12 phenylacetic acids, 28 benzoic acids, 2 mandelic acids, 15 hydroxybenzenes, and 5 hippuric acid derivatives, were identified or tentatively identified in urine and/or plasma.

Excretion by subjects on a low (poly)phenol diet of phenolic gut microbiota catabolites sequestered in tissues or associated with catecholamines and surplus amino acids.

Phenolic catabolites excreted by fasting subjects with a functioning colon and ileostomists on a low (poly)phenol diet have been investigated. Urine was collected over a 12 h fasting period after adherence to a low (poly)phenol diet for 36 h. UHPLC-HR-MS quantified 77 phenolics.

Bioavailability of orange juice (poly)phenols: β-glucan-rich oat bran decreases urinary excretion of flavanone phase II metabolites and enhances excretion of microbiota-derived phenolic catabolites.

The impact of β-glucan-rich oat bran on the bioavailability of orange juice (OJ) flavanones was investigated. Volunteers consumed 500 mL of OJ with and without 22 g of oat bran containing 6 g of β-glucan (OB-6). Urine collected 12 h prior to and over a 0-24 h period post-supplementation was analysed by UHPLC-HRMS.

Antioxidant Activity and Bio-Accessibility of Polyphenols in Black Carrot ( L. ssp. var. Alef.) and Two Derived Products during Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Colonic Fermentation.

Black carrot has been attracting increasing thanks to its high bioactive compound content. This study presents the polyphenol bio-accessibility of black carrot and two derived products (black carrot snack (BC snack) and black carrot seasoning (BC seasoning)) after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. Additionally, antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays.