[Ultrasound guided catheterization of thoracic paravertebral space].

Prolonged thoracic paravertebral block is a complex technique of regional anesthesia. For a long time paravertebral blocks were conducted under stimulation. Recently, techniques of paravertebral space (PVS) verification using ultrasound navigation were developed.

Anesthesia management of a 20-month-old patient with giant unilateral wilms tumor.

Wilms tumour (WT) (or nephroblastoma) is one of the most common malignant kidney tumors in children. On subsequent stages clinically it is often characterized by abdominal hypertension syndrome, which, in turn, leads to development of respiratory insufficiency. Other symptoms comprise renal deficiency, hypertension, and abnormalities of hemostasis and hemogram.

[Sugammadex use experience in pediatric oncology].

Sugamnmadex is a new type agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in any stage. There are foreign and home sugammadex use studies; however the information of sugammadex use in Pediatric patients is not enough. The article deals with study results of sugammadex use in Pediatric surgical oncology for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade by the agent rocuronium.

[Postoperative epidural bupivacaine infusion in pediatric oncology].

The paper presents the results of use of continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion for postoperative anesthesia in 88 children operated on for malignant tumors. Two groups of patients differing in the procedure of epidural bupivacaine infusion are compared. The use of bupivacaine at a higher concentration (0.

[Combined spinal epidural anesthesia during endoprosthetic surgeries for bone tumors in old-age children].

Thirty-five patients (ASA II-III) aged 12 to 17 years, diagnosed as having osteogenic sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma localizing in the femur and tibia, were examined. Surgery was performed as sectoral resection of the affected bone along with knee joint endoprosthesis. Surgical intervention was made under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) with sedation, by using the methods for exact dosing of propofol (6-4 mg/kg x h).

[Intraoperative infusion-transfusion therapy in pediatric surgical oncology].

Modern concept of intraoperative blood loss compensation differs crucially from the old rule to compensate the blood loss by donor blood in the same volume, which is explained by serious risks associated with blood transfusions. The parameters of infusion/transfusion therapy with 6% Infucol GEK are presented. The drug was used with good results in adults and children.

[Evaluation of myorelaxant drug action in surgery for pediatric oncopathologies].

Neuro-muscular transmission was studied in 100 children operated on for retroperitoneal and mediastinal tumors using the TOF-Guard accelograph. The device was instrumental in cutting down intubation time, monitoring neuro-muscular transmission system (NMTS), predicting the point of transmission recovery and making extubation possible. NMTS monitoring established such advantages of continuous myorelaxant infusion as lower rate of drug administration and lower total dose; the latter is important to avoid drug cumulation.

[[Antioxidant defense status of children in the early post-operative period in Wilms' tumor] ].

Lipid peroxidation (LP) was studied in 85 patients, aged 1-14, with Wilms tumor (stage II-IV). In addition to standard infusions, patients of group I received ascorbic acid (AA) 15 mg/body weight postoperatively while, in group II, AA 25-35 mg/body was supplemented with alpha-tocopherol 1.4-1.

[Ways of antioxidative prevention of complications in immediate postoperative period in children with nephroblastoma].

The parameters of the activity of the antioxidative system (AOS) were studied in 85 patients aged 1 to 14 years who had nephroblastoma in the immediate postoperative period. They were compared with those in healthy children. To prevent AOS failure, Group 1 patients with nephroblastoma received ascorbic acid (AA) in a dose of 15 mg.

[Evaluation of accelerography in use of muscular relaxants in children with oncological pathology].

The paper presents the results of study of neuromuscular conduction and neuromuscular block by accelerography (TOF) in 100 children operated on for abdominal, retroabdominal, and mediastinal tumors. The currently available myorelaxants Arduan, Tracrium, and Mivacron are studied. There is evidence for the high informative and prognostic values of accelerography, in infusion of drugs in particular, which makes it possible to lower the total dose of muscular relaxants, to avoid decurarization, and to change myoplegia policy in accordance with the intraoperative situation.

[The diagnosis and correction of hemostatic system disorders during surgical coagulopathic hemorrhages in cancer patients].

The hemostasis system was examined before surgery, during the principal stages of the operative intervention, and in the early postoperative period in 280 patients with various malignant tumors. The volume of intraoperative blood loss varied from 280 to 14,000 ml. The studies revealed that the main factor causing the most profound disorders in the hemostasis system which lead to the development of grave coagulopathic hemorrhages is blood loss due to surgical trauma.

[Use of nitrous oxide as a component of general anesthesia monitored by pulse oximetry during one-lung ventilation].

Pulse oximetry was employed to monitor the arterial blood oxygenation during surgery of 300 patients with pulmonary carcinomas. N2O2 anesthesia in 2:1 ratio was administered to all the patients. Change for one-lung ventilation did not lead to changes of SpO2 in 59% of the patients, whereas in 41% of the patients this value reduced below 93%.

[The comparative characteristics of anesthesia methods in operations for tumors located on the extremities].

Seventy patients operated on for malignant tumors located in the extremities have been examined, 30 of them were operated on under conduction anesthesia. The adequacy of anesthesia was assessed using clinical metabolic and electrophysiological techniques. Evident advantages of conduction anesthesia over general anesthesia during short-term interventions have been substantiated.

[The status of indices of immunity and hemostasis in patients with lung cancer and their changes due to general anesthesia and surgical trauma].

Phagocytosis, some factors of humoral immunity and hemostasis have been studied in cancer patients before and after surgery. Suppression of natural body resistance in the preoperative period, as well as significant inhibition of leukocyte phagocytic activity following surgery and anesthesia have been established. A correlation has been suggested between hemostasis damages in the postoperative period and an elevated IgM concentration.

[The effect of indomethacin and leukinferon on the level of blood plasma thromboxane B2, platelet aggregation and the immune system of patients with endometrial cancer in the perioperative period].

The perioperative influence of leukinferon, indomethacin and their combination on the blood plasma level of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), platelet aggregation ability and humoral and cellular immunity has been assessed in 40 endometrial cancer patients. It has been found that the perioperative use of indomethacin diminishes the blood plasma level of TxB2 and platelet aggregation ability. Leukinferon did not affect substantially the parameters.