Oral hyperpigmentation as an adverse effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients: A systematic review and pooled prevalence.

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects patients via CD4+ cells which are later be destroyed subsequently causing the deteriotation of immune system. HIV generally manifests in the oral cavity as the first indicating sign and a marker of disease progression. HAART medications are used to reduce the incidence of oral manifestations, however it can also generate adverse effects in the oral cavity including oral hyperpigmentation.