TNFR2 blockade promotes antitumoral immune response in PDAC by targeting activated Treg and reducing T cell exhaustion.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, highly resistant to standard chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 (TNFR2) contribute to immunosuppression in PDAC. Treg infiltration correlates with poor survival and tumor progression in patients with PDAC.

Characterisation of IBD heterogeneity using serum proteomics: A multicentre study.

Background: Recent genetic and transcriptomic data highlight the need for improved molecular characterisation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Proteomics may advance the delineation of IBD phenotypes since it accounts for post-transcriptional modifications.

Aim: We aimed to assess the IBD spectrum based on inflammatory serum proteins and identify discriminative patterns of underlying biological subtypes across multiple European cohorts.

The Role of Procalcitonin in Predicting Failure of Non-operative Management in Bowel Obstructions.

Procalcitonin has been investigated as a marker for bowel ischemia. This study examined the role of procalcitonin in predicting failure of non-operative management (NOM) in bowel obstructions. Patients with bowel obstructions at a single center from August 2022 to January 2023 were prospectively enrolled (n = 79).

Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in a rural population: A single-institution experience.

Background: The incidence of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for unilateral breast cancer (UBC) has continued to increase, despite an absent survival benefit except in populations at highest risk for developing contralateral breast cancer (CBC). CPM rates may be higher in rural populations but causes remain unclear. A study performed at our institution previously found that 21.

Ambulatory Status before Diabetic Foot Ulcer Development as a Predictor of Amputation and 1-Year Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Up to 25% of people with diabetes develop a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) during their lifetime, which precedes approximately 85% of nontraumatic lower limb amputations. Diabetic limb salvage has been at the forefront of recent research, as major amputation is associated with 5-year mortality rates of 52%-80%. We sought to determine if ambulatory status before DFU diagnosis is predictive of amputations and outcomes within 1 year, as no studies have directly examined this relationship.

Mandible Reconstruction in a Rural Population: Comparison of Radial Forearm and Free Fibula Flap Outcomes.

Comparison of microsurgical reconstructive options after mandible resection is limited in the literature. Fibula free flaps (FFFs) can be costly and have timing limitations, but dental restoration can be performed, with varied reported rates of completion. The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) with mandible plating may be an alternative in select populations.

Infected aortic endograft with an unusual microbe, .

With the growing use of endovascular aortic repair for aortic aneurysm pathology, multiple cases have been reported of associated endovascular graft infections. Explantation of the infected endograft and the revascularization procedure performed should be individualized with attention to the offending organism. We present the cases of two patients who underwent endovascular aortic repair with the same endograft and developed a graft infection with , a gram-negative organism with low virulence.

TCR-independent CD137 (4-1BB) signaling promotes CD8-exhausted T cell proliferation and terminal differentiation.

CD137 (4-1BB)-activating receptor represents a promising cancer immunotherapeutic target. Yet, the cellular program driven by CD137 and its role in cancer immune surveillance remain unresolved. Using T cell-specific deletion and agonist antibodies, we found that CD137 modulates tumor infiltration of CD8-exhausted T (Tex) cells expressing PD1, Lag-3, and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors.

The Impact of Prior Breast Augmentation on Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy.

Unlabelled: The risk of women developing breast cancer after augmentation mammaplasty may be lower than the general population, with minimal current literature on breast reconstruction in this population. We sought to evaluate the impact of previous augmentation on postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients who underwent mastectomies from 2017 to 2021 at our institution was performed.

The Development of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema After Mastectomy in a Rural Population.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a lifelong condition that can impact the quality of life, affecting approximately 20% of breast cancer patients. Risk factors for the development of BCRL after mastectomy in rural populations have not been studied.Retrospective review of mastectomy patients from 2017 to 2021 was performed at a single institution.

The Impact of Travel Distance and Income on Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy in a Rural Population.

Unlabelled: Factors that influence breast reconstruction after mastectomy have been previously examined in national databases. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of patient travel distance and income on breast reconstruction after mastectomy in a rural population.

Methods: Retrospective review of mastectomy patients from 2017 to 2021 was performed from our prospectively enrolled tumor registry.

Efficacy of Cefazolin versus Ceftriaxone for Extremity Open Fracture Management at a Level 1 Trauma Center.

Antibiotic agents have been shown to improve outcomes in open extremity fractures. The first-generation cephalosporins, which are used most often, are often under-dosed based on weight and recommended frequency. Ceftriaxone offers a broader coverage and a decreased frequency of administration.

Uplink OFDM detection with random multiple access.

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing with Random multiple access (OFDRMA) is discussed for uplink communications, whereby several active users send information towards a single base-station (BS), while all other users are dormant. Originally, uplink communication methods included sharing the frequency resources among the active users in an orthogonal fashion, i.e.

Probiotic Mixture Containing , and Affects Brain Responses Toward an Emotional Task in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that probiotics affect brain function the microbiome-gut-brain axis, but evidence in humans remains limited.

Objective: The present proof-of-concept study investigated if a probiotic product containing a mixture of , and (in total 3 × 10 CFU/day) affected functional brain responses in healthy subjects during an emotional attention task.

Design: In this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study (Clinicaltrials.

TNFR2 blockade of regulatory T cells unleashes an antitumor immune response after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

Background: Targeting immune checkpoints that inhibit antitumor immune responses has emerged as a powerful new approach to treat cancer. We recently showed that blocking the tumor necrosis factor receptor-type 2 (TNFR2) pathway induces the complete loss of the protective function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention that relies on Treg-based cell therapy. Here, we tested the possibility of amplifying the antitumor response by targeting TNFR2 in a model of tumor relapse following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, a clinical situation for which the need for efficient therapeutic options is still unmet.

Insights into the biology and therapeutic implications of TNF and regulatory T cells.

Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some patients do not respond to TNF inhibitor treatment and rare occurrences of paradoxical disease exacerbation have been reported. These limitations on the clinical efficacy of TNF inhibitors can be explained by the differences between TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 signalling and by the diverse effects of TNF on multiple immune cells, including FOXP3 regulatory T cells.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on trauma surgical education at a level I trauma center.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, trauma presentations to the emergency room decreased across the country. The goal of this study is to analyze the educational impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on trauma education and training at a level I trauma center.

Methods: Trauma patient presentations were analyzed 6 months before a Tennessee executive stay-at-home order and 6 months after the state executive order.

Hospital Length of Stay Is Associated With Increased Likelihood for Venous Thromboembolism After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: The prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is 0.40%-1.2%.

Circulating Regulatory T Cells Expressing Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2 Contribute to Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression in Patients During Septic Shock.

Background: Septic shock remains a major cause of death that can be complicated by long-term impairment in immune function. Among regulatory T (Treg) cells, the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 positive (TNFR2pos) Treg-cell subset endorses significant immunosuppressive functions in human tumors and a sepsis mouse model but has not been investigated during septic shock in humans.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with septic shock hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU).