Surgery and the first 8000 days of life: a review.

The first 8000 days of life, from birth to adulthood, encompasses critical phases that shape a child's health and development. While global health efforts have focused on the first 1000 days, the next 7000 days (ages 2-21) are equally vital, especially concerning the unmet burden of surgical conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Approximately 1.

Awareness of infection care terms among outpatients and carers in a public health facility: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: As healthcare recipients and individuals affected by antimicrobial resistance (AMR), patients and their carers can be engaged in infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives to manage AMR. To effectively participate in these initiatives, patients and carers need to understand general terms used in infection care. We explored awareness of commonly used infection-related terms among patients and carers in the surgical out-patient of a tertiary academic hospital.

Inconsistent definitions of prolonged labor in international literature: a scoping review.

Objective: Prolonged labor is the commonest indication for intrapartum cesarean section, but definitions are inconsistent and some common definitions were recently found to overestimate the speed of physiological labor. The objective of this review is to establish an overview of synonyms and definitions used in the literature for prolonged labor, separated into first and second stages, and establish types of definitions used.

Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emcare, and Academic Search Premier.

Who seeks care after intimate partner violence in Cameroon? sociodemographic differences between a hospital and population sample of women.

Introduction: Little is known regarding health care seeking behaviors of women in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically Cameroon, who experience violence. The proportion of women who experienced violence enrolled in the Cameroon Trauma Registry (CTR) is lower than expected.

Methods: We concatenated the databases from the October 2017-December 2020 CTR and 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) into a singular database for cross-sectional study.

Assessment of surgical, anesthesia, and obstetric workforce in Somalia.

Background: One of the core indicators recommended by the Lancet Commission is surgical workforce density, aiming to improve the number of surgery, anesthetists, and obstetric (SAO) providers to 20 per 100,000 population by 2030. We assessed SAO workforce capacity in Somalia and made recommendations for improvement.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire from the WHO Program for Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC) Surgical Assessment Tool.

Method of Anesthesia and Perioperative Risk Factors, Maternal Anesthesia Complications, and Neonatal Mortality Following Cesarean Delivery in Africa: A Substudy of a 7-Day Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: The African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) found that maternal mortality following cesarean delivery in Africa is 50 times higher than in high-income countries, and associated with obstetric hemorrhage and anesthesia complications. Mothers who died were more likely to receive general anesthesia (GA). The associations between GA versus spinal anesthesia (SA) and preoperative risk factors, maternal anesthesia complications, and neonatal outcomes following cesarean delivery in Africa are unknown.

Current pediatric pain practice in Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia: A prospective survey of anesthetists.

Background: Children in hospital experience significant pain, either inherent with their pathology, or caused by diagnostic/therapeutic procedures. Little is known about pediatric pain practices in sub-Saharan Africa. This survey aimed to gain insight into current pain management practices among specialist physician anesthetists in four sub-Saharan African countries.

Tertiary prevention and treatment of rheumatic heart disease: a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group summary.

Although entirely preventable, rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a disease of poverty and social disadvantage resulting in high morbidity and mortality, remains an ever-present burden in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and rural, remote, marginalised and disenfranchised populations within high-income countries. In late 2021, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to explore the current state of science, to identify basic science and clinical research priorities to support RHD eradication efforts worldwide. This was done through the inclusion of multidisciplinary global experts, including cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular specialists as well as health policy and health economics experts, many of whom also represented or closely worked with patient-family organisations and local governments.

Postoperative outcomes associated with surgical care for women in Africa: an international risk-adjusted analysis of prospective observational cohorts.

Background: Improving women's health is a critical component of the sustainable development goals. Although obstetric outcomes in Africa have received significant focus, non-obstetric surgical outcomes for women in Africa remain under-examined.

Methods: We did a secondary analysis of the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) and International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), two 7-day prospective observational cohort studies of outcomes after adult inpatient surgery.

Global Stillbirth Policy Review - Outcomes And Implications Ahead of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal Agenda.

Background: Globally, data on stillbirth is limited. A call to action has been issued to governments to address the data gap by strengthening national policies and strategies to drive urgent action on stillbirth reduction. This study aims to understand the policy environment for stillbirths to advance stillbirth recording and reporting in data systems.

Organisational and individual readiness for change to respectful maternity care practice and associated factors in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: This study assessed health providers' organisational and individual readiness for change to respectful maternity care (RMC) practice and their associated factors in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria.

Design: A cross-sectional survey using standardised structured instruments adapted from the literature.

Setting: Nine public health facilities in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria, 1 December 2019-31 May 2020.

Determining the Minimum Dataset for Surgical Patients in Africa: A Delphi Study.

Background: It is often difficult for clinicians in African low- and middle-income countries middle-income countries to access useful aggregated data to identify areas for quality improvement. The aim of this Delphi study was to develop a standardised perioperative dataset for use in a registry.

Methods: A Delphi method was followed to achieve consensus on the data points to include in a minimum perioperative dataset.

Directly observed and reported respectful maternity care received during childbirth in public health facilities, Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria.

Respectful maternity care (RMC) is believed to improve women's childbirth experience and increase health facility delivery. Unfortunately, few women in low- and middle-income countries experience RMC. Patient surveys and independent observations have been used to evaluate RMC, though seldom together.

Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery at Primary and Secondary Hospitals in Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC's): Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendation.

Background: This is the first Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society guideline for primary and secondary hospitals in low-middle-income countries (LMIC's) for elective abdominal and gynecologic care.

Methods: The ERAS LMIC Guidelines group was established by the ERAS® Society in collaboration with different representatives of perioperative care from LMIC's. The group consisted of seven members from the ERAS® Society and eight members from LMIC's.

A qualitative inquiry into pregnant women's perceptions of respectful maternity care during childbirth in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria.

Women's perceptions of respectful maternity care (RMC) are critical to its definition and measurement globally. We evaluated these in relation to globally defined RMC norms. We conducted a descriptive study involving eight focus group discussions with 50 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at one primary and one secondary health facility each in the North-west and South-west local government areas of Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria.

Placental Heterogeneity in Stillbirth and Its Relations to Maternal Exogenous Characteristics.

Introduction: Heterogeneous patterns of placental lesions in stillbirth signal important variations in placental histopathology that may be diagnostic in stillbirth. We explore placental heterogeneity and its associations with maternal characteristics (including HIV) using latent class analysis.

Methods: Placental and maternal data and slides were assessed retrospectively for 122 confirmed stillbirths (gestational age ≥ 28 weeks) delivered at a major South African academic hospital between January 2016-July 2018.

HIV, Placental Lesions, and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes.

Africa has the highest number of pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In some studies, HIV has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the pathophysiological mechanism leading to adverse fetal outcomes is not known.

Global, regional, and national estimates and trends in stillbirths from 2000 to 2019: a systematic assessment.

Background: Stillbirths are a major public health issue and a sensitive marker of the quality of care around pregnancy and birth. The UN Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-30) and the Every Newborn Action Plan (led by UNICEF and WHO) call for an end to preventable stillbirths. A first step to prevent stillbirths is obtaining standardised measurement of stillbirth rates across countries.