Defect-Mediated Crystallization of the Particulate TiO Photocatalyst Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition.

Nanopowders or films of pure and mixed oxides in nanoparticulate form have gained specific interest due to their applicability in functionalizing high-surface-area substrates. Among various other applications, our presented work primarily focuses on the behavior of TiO as a photocatalyst deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a quartz particle. The photocatalytic activity of TiO on quartz particles grown by ALD was studied in terms of ALD growth temperature and post-treatment heating rate.

A naturally occurring mitochondrial genome variant confers broad protection from infection in Drosophila.

The role of mitochondria in immunity is increasingly recognized, but it is unclear how variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to variable infection outcomes. To quantify the effect of mtDNA variation on humoral and cell-mediated innate immune responses, we utilized a panel of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids), where unique mtDNAs (mitotypes) were introgressed into a controlled isogenic nuclear background. We observed substantial heterogeneity in infection outcomes within the cybrid panel upon bacterial, viral and parasitoid infections, driven by the mitotype.

Correlation between the accuracy of the emergency response centre's urgency assessment and emergency medical services non-conveyance: a retrospective register-based study in Finland.

Background: In modern emergency medical services (EMS), ambulances increasingly focus on examining and treating the patient at the scene. This has led to increased levels of non-conveyance. In Finland, for instance, approximately 40% of EMS dispatches end up in non-conveyance.

IMD-mediated innate immune priming increases Drosophila survival and reduces pathogen transmission.

Invertebrates lack the immune machinery underlying vertebrate-like acquired immunity. However, in many insects past infection by the same pathogen can 'prime' the immune response, resulting in improved survival upon reinfection. Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis and epidemiological consequences of innate immune priming in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster when infected with the gram-negative bacterial pathogen Providencia rettgeri.

Detailed analysis of metastatic colorectal cancer patients who developed cardiotoxicity on another fluoropyrimidine and switched to S-1 treatment (subgroup analysis of the CardioSwitch-study).

Background And Purpose: The CardioSwitch-study demonstrated that patients with solid tumors who develop cardiotoxicity on capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment can be safely switched to S-1, an alternative fluoropyrimidine (FP). In light of the European Medicines Agency approval of S-1 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this analysis provides more detailed safety and efficacy information, and data regarding metastasectomy and/or local ablative therapy (LAT), on the mCRC patients from the original study.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 12 European centers.

Apprehensions and emerging solutions in ML-based protein structure prediction.

The three-dimensional structure of proteins determines their function in vital biological processes. Thus, when the structure is known, the molecular mechanism of protein function can be understood in more detail and obtained information utilized in biotechnological, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. Over the past five years, machine learning (ML)-based modeling has pushed protein structure prediction to the next level with AlphaFold in the front line, predicting the structure for hundreds of millions of proteins.

Spectrally separated dual-label upconversion luminescence lateral flow assay for cancer-specific STn-glycosylation in CA125 and CA15-3.

Multiplexed lateral flow assays (LFAs) offer efficient on-site testing by simultaneously detecting multiple biomarkers from a single sample, reducing costs. In cancer diagnostics, where biomarkers can lack specificity, multiparameter detection provides more information at the point-of-care. Our research focuses on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), where STn-glycosylated forms of CA125 and CA15-3 antigens can better discriminate cancer from benign conditions.

Pore graded borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds: in vitro dissolution and cytocompatibility.

3D borosilicate bioactive glass (1393B20 and B12.5MgSr) scaffolds were prepared by robocasting, with and without a dense layer at the top. Pore graded scaffolds are promising as they allow for membrane deposition and could limit the risk of soft tissue infiltration.

Mitochondrial perturbation in immune cells enhances cell-mediated innate immunity in Drosophila.

Background: Mitochondria participate in various cellular processes including energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, production of reactive oxygen species, stress responses, inflammation and immunity. However, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells and tissues shaping the innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of tissue-specific mitochondrial perturbation on the immune responses at the organismal level.

Impact of Primary Tumor Location on Demographics, Resectability, Outcomes, and Quality of Life in Finnish Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (Subgroup Analysis of the RAXO Study).

The primary tumor location (PTL) is associated with the phenotype, metastatic sites, mutations, and outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, but this has mostly been studied according to sidedness (right vs. left sided). We studied right colon vs.

Exogenous Trehalose Improves Growth, Glycogen and Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Contents in Photoautotrophically Grown under Nitrogen Deprivation.

Glycogen and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are excellent biopolymer products from cyanobacteria. In this study, we demonstrate that nitrogen metabolism is positively influenced by the exogenous application of trehalose (Tre) in under nitrogen-deprived (-N) conditions. Cells were cultivated photoautotrophically for 5 days under -N conditions, with or without the addition of exogenous Tre.

Improved sensitivity and automation of a multi-step upconversion lateral flow immunoassay using a 3D-printed actuation mechanism.

The development of sensitive point-of-care (POC) assay platforms is of interest for reducing the cost and time of diagnostics. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the gold standard for POC systems, but their sensitivity as such is inadequate, for example, in the case of cardiac diagnostics. The performance can be improved by incorporating different steps, such as pre-incubation to prolong the interaction time between sample and reporter for immunocomplex formation, and washing steps for background reduction.

Mitochondrial temperature homeostasis resists external metabolic stresses.

Based on studies with a fluorescent reporter dye, Mito Thermo Yellow (MTY), and the genetically encoded gTEMP ratiometric fluorescent temperature indicator targeted to mitochondria, the temperature of active mitochondria in four mammalian and one insect cell line was estimated to be up to 15°C above that of the external environment to which the cells were exposed. High mitochondrial temperature was maintained in the face of a variety of metabolic stresses, including substrate starvation or modification, decreased ATP demand due to inhibition of cytosolic protein synthesis, inhibition of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporter and, if an auxiliary pathway for electron transfer was available via the alternative oxidase, even respiratory poisons acting downstream of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I. We propose that the high temperature of active mitochondria is an inescapable consequence of the biochemistry of OXPHOS and is homeostatically maintained as a primary feature of mitochondrial metabolism.

Vascular adhesion protein-1-targeted PET imaging in autoimmune myocarditis.

Background: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an adhesion molecule and primary amine oxidase, and Gallium-68-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N″,N‴-tetra-acetic acid conjugated sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 motif containing peptide ([Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting VAP-1. We evaluated the feasibility of PET imaging with [Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 for the detection of myocardial lesions in rats with autoimmune myocarditis.

Methods: Rats (n = 9) were immunized twice with porcine cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant.

Atypical (non-V600E) BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer in population and real-world cohorts.

BRAF-V600E mutation (mt) is a strong negative prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Non-V600Emt, designated atypical BRAFmt (aBRAFmt) are rare, and little is known about their frequency, co-mutations and prognostic and predictive role. These were compared between mutational groups of mCRC patients collected from three Nordic population-based or real-world cohorts.

Exceptional Microscale Plasticity in Amorphous Aluminum Oxide at Room Temperature.

Oxide glasses are an elementary group of materials in modern society, but brittleness limits their wider usability at room temperature. As an exception to the rule, amorphous aluminum oxide (a-Al O ) is a rare diatomic glassy material exhibiting significant nanoscale plasticity at room temperature. Here, it is shown experimentally that the room temperature plasticity of a-Al O extends to the microscale and high strain rates using in situ micropillar compression.

Chemical interactions in composites of gellan gum and bioactive glass: self-crosslinking and dissolution.

We investigated the interactions between the organic-inorganic phases in composites and the impact on dissolution. The composite consists of a hydrogel-forming polysaccharide gellan gum (GG, organic phase) and a borosilicate bioactive glass (BAG, inorganic phase). The BAG loading in the gellan gum matrix varied from 10 to 50 wt%.

Resectability, Resections, Survival Outcomes, and Quality of Life in Older Adult Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (the RAXO-Study).

Older adults are underrepresented in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) studies and thus may not receive optimal treatment, especially not metastasectomies. The prospective Finnish real-life RAXO-study included 1086 any organ mCRC patients. We assessed repeated centralized resectability, overall survival (OS), and quality of life (QoL) using 15D and EORTC QLQ-C30/CR29.

Characterization and Homology Modeling of Catalytically Active Recombinant PhaC Protein from .

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that has the potential to replace fossil-derived polymers. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PHB are β-ketothiolase (PhaA), acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB), and PHA synthase (PhaC). PhaC in is the key enzyme for PHB production.

Transient Changes in Serum CEA, CA19-9, CRP, YKL-40, and IL-6 during Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is frequently monitored to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence after surgery. The clinical significance of transiently increased CEA during adjuvant chemotherapy is poorly understood. Serum CEA, CA19-9, CRP, YKL-40, and IL-6 were measured before, during, and after adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in the randomised LIPSYT study population.

Differences between the dispatch priority assessments of emergency medical dispatchers and emergency medical services: a prospective register-based study in Finland.

Background: Responsive and efficient emergency medical services (EMS) require accurate telephone triage. In Finland, such services are provided by Emergency Response Centre Agency (ERC Agency). In 2018, a new Finnish computer-assisted emergency dispatch system was introduced: the Emergency Response Integrated Common Authorities (ERICA).

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and concomitant procedures in Finland between 2004 and 2018 based on national registers.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to assess the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and concomitant procedures in Finland.

Patients And Methods: We identified all the patients who underwent ACLR between 2004 and 2018 in Finland using national registry data. Patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis code S83.

Halogen-bonded shape memory polymers.

Halogen bonding (XB), a non-covalent interaction between an electron-deficient halogen atom and a Lewis base, is widely adopted in organic synthesis and supramolecular crystal engineering. However, the roadmap towards materials applications is hindered by the challenges in harnessing this relatively weak intermolecular interaction to devise human-commanded stimuli-responsive soft materials. Here, we report a liquid crystalline network comprising permanent covalent crosslinks and dynamic halogen bond crosslinks, which possess reversible thermo-responsive shape memory behaviour.

The Drosophila Toll Pathway in Innate Immunity: from the Core Pathway toward Effector Functions.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Toll signaling pathway has an evolutionarily conserved role in controlling immune responses. Whereas the microbial recognition mechanisms and the core signaling pathway leading to activation of the humoral immune response via the NF-κB transcription factors have been well established for many years, the mechanistic understanding of the effector functions at the molecular level is currently rapidly evolving. In this review, we discuss the current developments in elucidating the role of the Drosophila Toll signaling pathway in immunity.