Effect of Lactobacillus GG yoghurt in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea.

The efficacy of Lactobacillus GG yoghurt in preventing erythromycin associated diarrhoea was studied. Sixteen healthy volunteers were given erythromycin acistrate 400 mg t.i.

Prevention of travellers' diarrhoea by Lactobacillus GG.

A placebo-controlled double-blind study was conducted on the efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in preventing travellers' diarrhoea. Altogether 820 persons travelling on holiday to southern Turkey to two destinations were randomized into two groups receiving either Lactobacillus GG or placebo in identical sachets. On the return flight each participant completed a questionnaire indicating the incidence of diarrhoea and related symptoms during the trip.

Xylitol vs glucose: effect on the rate of gastric emptying and motilin, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide release.

The effect of xylitol and glucose on the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal transit and on motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and insulin release were studied in human volunteers. A single oral dose of 200 mL water containing 30 g glucose or 30 g xylitol, mixed with a 99mtechnetium-tin (99mTc-Sn) colloid, was used. Similar dosing without the label was used in motilin, GIP, and insulin studies.

Intestinal absorption of oxalate by xylitol-treated rats and mice.

The absorption of 14C-labelled oxalic acid was studied in Wistar rats, CD-1 mice and NMRI mice. Oxalic acid in solution was given to the animals by gavage either with water alone or with 0.625 g/kg b.

The effects of lactulose-sweetened yoghurt on the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal transit in healthy human volunteers.

A non-invasive, radioisotopic method was utilised to study the effects of a lactulose-sweetened yoghurt product on gastric emptying and intestinal transit. Healthy human volunteers were given 99mtechnetium-DTPA-labelled lactulose yoghurt before and after adaptation to the product. A control group received a similarly labelled glucose solution.

Preservation of intestinal integrity during radiotherapy using live Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures.

Twenty-four female patients suffering from gynaecological malignancies and scheduled for internal and external irradiation of the pelvic area (pelvic dose 5000 cGy) were selected for a study on prevention of intestinal side-effects by live Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. The patients were randomised into two groups. Both groups received dietary counselling recommending a low-fat and low-residue diet during radiotherapy.

Treatment of chronic constipation with lactitol sweetened yoghurt supplemented with guar gum and wheat bran in elderly hospital in-patients.

The faecal output of 33 elderly hospitalized patients was followed daily for 4 weeks. After an observation period of 1 week 18 patients received during the following 2 weeks a 150 ml portion of yoghurt containing lactitol, guar gum and wheat bran (fibre yoghurt group) twice daily. Fifteen control patients received the same volume of yoghurt without lactitol, guar gum or wheat bran (control yoghurt group).

Estimates on the intake of food additives in Finland.

An estimation of the intakes of 30 food additives in Finland was conducted combining analytical data, food balance sheets, import and export statistics. The results indicated that most calculated average food additive intakes were well below the ADI values and internationally at an acceptable level. The intakes of nitrates, nitrites, saccharin and cyclamates were above or close to the respective ADI values.

Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to fat-free milk and low-lactose fat-free milk in young type 1 diabetics.

The blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to test milk samples were studied in eight insulin-dependent diabetics. After an overnight fast, the subjects (aged 20-45 years) were given a breakfast containing two Weetabix biscuits (20 g carbohydrate) with 500 ml of either regular (S) fat-free milk (25 g lactose) or 500 ml of a new low-lactose (D) fat-free milk (3.75 g lactose and 4.

Urinary excretion of orally administered oxalic acid in MYRJ 45-treated NMRI mice.

Polyoxyethylene(8)stearate (MYRJ 45) has been shown to cause bladder tumours in chronic feeding studies. During this study the effects of dietary MYRJ 45 on the urinary excretion of dietary oxalic acid were tested. Male NMRI mice were gradually adapted to 20% MYRJ 45 in their diet.

Uptake and Metabolism of Carbohydrates by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Bacteroids.

Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids were isolated anaerobically and were supplied with (14)C-labeled trehalose, sucrose, UDP-glucose, glucose, or fructose under low O(2) (2% in the gas phase). Uptake and conversion of (14)C to CO(2) were measured at intervals up to 90 minutes. Of the five compounds studied, UDP-glucose was most rapidly absorbed but it was very slowly metabolized.

Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to fat free milk and low-lactose fat free milk in healthy human volunteers.

The blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to test milk samples were studied in healthy normal volunteers. After an overnight fast the subjects were given 500 ml of either regular fat free milk (approximately 25 g lactose) or 500 ml of a new low-lactose fat free milk (3.75 g lactose and 4.

Involvement of glutamate in the respiratory metabolism of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids.

Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids were isolated anaerobically and supplied with 14C-labeled succinate, malate, aspartate, or glutamate for periods of up to 60 min in the presence of myoglobin to control the O2 concentration. Succinate and malate were absorbed about twice as rapidly as glutamate and aspartate. Conversion of substrate to CO2 was most rapid for malate, followed by succinate, glutamate, and aspartate.

Intake of heavy metals from foods in Finland, West Germany and Japan.

Comparison of heavy metal intakes between Finland, West Germany and Japan suggests that the average oral exposure to lead and cadmium in Finland is 30-40% of that in the other two countries. Environmental contamination is the obvious cause of high heavy metal content of vegetables and liver in West Germany and Japan and this explains a part of the difference observed in the intake rates. For example cabbage and lettuce in West Germany contain on average over 10 times more lead than the corresponding Finnish products.

Enzymes of alpha,alpha-Trehalose Metabolism in Soybean Nodules.

Metabolism of trehalose, alpha,d-glucopyranosyl-alpha,d-glucopyranoside, was studied in nodules of Bradyrhizobium japonicum-Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Beeson 80 symbiosis.

The effects of sorbitol on the gastrointestinal microflora in rats.

The influence of dietary sorbitol on the quantity and quality of faecal microflora was studied in Wistar albino rats. The animals were gradually adapted to 20% dietary sorbitol or sucrose and faecal samples were analyzed for the numbers of major bacteria. No major changes in the numbers of total aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, aerobic streptococci and yeasts were observed after sorbitol feeding but sucrose appeared to decrease the total aerobes and anaerobes in the faeces.

Urinary excretion of orally administered oxalic acid in saccharin and o-phenylphenol-fed NMRI mice.

Both saccharin and o-phenylphenol have been suggested to be carcinogenic to the urinary bladder in experimental animals, but the mechanism has remained unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary saccharin and o-phenylphenol on the urinary excretion of dietary oxalic acid. Male NMRI mice were gradually adapted to either 3% o-phenylphenol or 5% saccharin in their diet.

Validity of toxicity documents of pesticides and good laboratory practice.

Attention has been centered on the validity of the original toxicity reports supporting the registration of pesticides. In Finland, the present standard of the toxicity reports on pesticides was studied. Of the 299 pesticide formulations on the Finnish market only 96 were supported by original toxicity reports.

Status of the toxicity reports of pesticides for their registration in Finland.

Recently, attention has centered on the validity of toxicity reports for the registration of pesticides. In Finland, a study was conducted to evaluate the validity of the toxicity reports of pesticides done in U. S.

Gut microflora interactions with xylitol in the mouse, rat and man.

The influence of dietary xylitol on the quantity and quality of faecal microflora was studied in Wistar albino rats, CD-1 mice and healthy human volunteers. In animals, the effects of xylitol adaptation and of 4-wk xylitol feeding were examined. No major changes in the numbers of total aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, aerobic streptococci, anaerobic streptococci or yeasts were observed, although there was evidence of a dose-dependent decrease in the numbers of aerobic streptococci in the faeces.

Perceived health and exercise: a cross-lagged panel correlation.

The relationship between perceived health and exercise was examined by cross-lagged panel technique with data from a normal sample of 27 men and 25 women. The results support the hypothesis that previous perceived health can predict exercise.

The effects of xylitol on gastric emptying and secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in the rat.

The effects of xylitol on the rate of gastric emptying and plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in the rat were studied to relate xylitol adaptation to these phenomena. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing about 250-270 g, were either gradually adapted to 20% xylitol diets or given a basal diet. The animals were, after a 24-hour fast, given a 1.