Prebiotics in food and dietary supplements: a roadmap to EU health claims.

Numerous studies have established that prebiotic ingredients in foods and dietary supplements may play a role in supporting human health. Over the three decades that have passed since prebiotics were first defined as a concept, research has revealed a complex universe of prebiotic-induced changes to the human microbiota. There are strong indications of a direct link between these prebiotic-induced changes and specific health benefits.

Fecal microbiota profiles of growing pigs and their relation to growth performance.

The early gut microbiota composition is fundamentally important for piglet health, affecting long-term microbiome development and immunity. In this study, the gut microbiota of postparturient dams was compared with that of their offspring in three Finnish pig farms at three growth phases. The differences in fecal microbiota of three study development groups (Good, Poorly, and PrematureDeath) were analyzed at birth (initial exposure phase), weaning (transitional phase), and before slaughter (stable phase).

Identification of stemness-related glycosylation changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Altered glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer associated with therapy resistance and tumor behavior. In this study, we investigated the glycosylation profile of stemness-related proteins OCT4, CIP2A, MET, and LIMA1 in HNSCC tumors.

Methods: Tumor, adjacent normal tissue, and blood samples of 25 patients were collected together with clinical details.

Ultra-low-dose computed tomography and chest X-ray in follow-up of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma-a prospective comparative study.

Ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULD-CT) may combine the high sensitivity of conventional computed tomography (CT) in detecting sarcoma pulmonary metastasis, with a radiation dose in the same magnitude as chest X-ray (CXR). Fifty patients with non-metastatic high-grade soft tissue sarcoma treated with curative intention were recruited. Their follow-up involved both CXR and ULD-CT to evaluate their different sensitivity.

Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour.

Manipulative behaviour that consists of touching or close contact with ears or tails of pen mates is common in pigs and can become damaging. Manipulative behaviour was analysed from video recordings of 45-day-old pigs, and 15 manipulator-control pairs (n = 30) were formed. Controls neither received nor performed manipulative behaviour.

Recommendations to Improve Quality of Probiotic Systematic Reviews With Meta-Analyses.

Importance: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses often report conflicting results when assessing evidence for probiotic efficacy, partially because of the lack of understanding of the unique features of probiotic trials. As a consequence, clinical decisions on the use of probiotics have been confusing.

Objective: To provide recommendations to improve the quality and consistency of systematic reviews with meta-analyses on probiotics, so evidence-based clinical decisions can be made with more clarity.

Postbiotics in the medical field under the perspective of the ISAPP definition: scientific, regulatory, and marketing considerations.

Diverse terms have been used in the literature to refer to the health benefits obtained from the administration of non-viable microorganisms or their cell fragments and metabolites. In an effort to provide continuity to this emerging field, the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of experts to consider this category of substances and adopted the term postbiotic, which they defined as a "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host." This definition does not stipulate any specific health benefit, finished product, target population or regulatory status.

Early clinical experience with a degraded 4 MeV electron beam in radiotherapy of superficial basal cell carcinoma.

The most common non-melanoma skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Surgery is the gold standard treatment but also non-surgical alternatives are needed. The purpose of this work was to present the early clinical experiences of degraded 4 MeV electron beam as a treatment method for superficial BCC.

Genetic risk scores associated with temperament clusters in Finnish depression patients.

Objective: Cloninger's temperament dimensions have been studied widely in relation to genetics. In this study, we examined Cloninger's temperament dimensions grouped with cluster analyses and their association with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study included 212 genotyped Finnish patients from the Ostrobothnia Depression Study.

Fermented foods: a perspective on their role in delivering biotics.

Fermented foods are often erroneously equated with probiotics. Although they might act as delivery vehicles for probiotics, or other 'biotic' substances, including prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, stringent criteria must be met for a fermented food to be considered a 'biotic'. Those criteria include documented health benefit, sufficient product characterization (for probiotics to the strain level) and testing.

Human Milk Microbiota Profile Affected by Prematurity in Argentinian Lactating Women.

To study (16S rRNA-sequencing) the impact of gestational and corrected ages on the microbiota profile of human milk (HM) of mothers that delivered full-term and pre-term children, HM samples were obtained and classified according to the gestational age as group T (full-term births ≥37 weeks), and group P (pre-term births <37 weeks). Group P was longitudinally followed, and the samples were collected at the full-term corrected gestational age: when the chronological age plus the gestational age were ≥37 weeks (PT group). The HM microbiota composition differed depending on the gestational age (T vs.

New gene markers for classification and quantification of Faecalibacterium spp. in the human gut.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a promising biomarker of a healthy human microbiota. However, previous studies reported the heterogeneity of this species and found the presence of several distinct groups at the species level among F. prausnitzii strains.

Evidence on postbiotics in infants and children.

Purpose Of Review: The aim is to provide updated information on the concept of postbiotics and recent data on the efficacy of postbiotics for the prevention and treatment of childhood diseases.

Recent Findings: In line with a recently proposed consensus definition, a postbiotic is 'a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host'. Although inanimate, postbiotics may exert health benefits.

Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which women without diabetes are diagnosed with glucose intolerance during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester. Early diagnosis, along with a better understanding of its pathophysiology during the first trimester of pregnancy, may be effective in reducing incidence and associated short-term and long-term morbidities.

Design: We comprehensively profiled the gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition and clinical records of 394 women during the first trimester of pregnancy, before GDM diagnosis.

Postbiotics: The concept and their use in healthy populations.

The term postbiotic was recently defined by an panel of scientists convened by the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics as "a " This definition focused on the progenitor microbial cell or cell fragments, not just metabolites, proteins or carbohydrates they might produce. Although such microbe-produced constituents may be functional ingredients of the preparation, they are not required to be present in a postbiotic according to this definition. In this context, terms previously used such as paraprobiotics, ghostbiotics, heat-inactivated probiotics, non-viable probiotics, cell fragments or cell lysates, among others, align with the term postbiotics as conceived by this definition.

G2/M checkpoint regulation and apoptosis facilitate the nuclear egress of parvoviral capsids.

The nuclear export factor CRM1-mediated pathway is known to be important for the nuclear egress of progeny parvovirus capsids in the host cells with virus-mediated cell cycle arrest at G2/M. However, it is still unclear whether this is the only pathway by which capsids exit the nucleus. Our studies show that the nuclear egress of DNA-containing full canine parvovirus.

Animal unit hygienic conditions influence mouse intestinal microbiota and contribute to T-cell-mediated colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with worldwide increasing incidence. Recent studies indicate that certain species of intestinal bacteria are strongly associated with IBD. Helper T lymphocytes are not only the key players in mediating host defense against a wide variety of pathogens but also contribute to pathogenesis of many immune-related diseases.

The Concept of Postbiotics.

The scientific community has proposed terms such as non-viable probiotics, paraprobiotics, ghostbiotics, heat-inactivated probiotics or, most commonly, postbiotics, to refer to inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer health benefits. This article addresses the various characteristics of different definitions of 'postbiotics' that have emerged over past years. In 2021, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) defined a postbiotic as "a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host".

Parvovirus nonstructural protein 2 interacts with chromatin-regulating cellular proteins.

Autonomous parvoviruses encode at least two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2. While NS1 is linked to important nuclear processes required for viral replication, much less is known about the role of NS2. Specifically, the function of canine parvovirus (CPV) NS2 has remained undefined.

Gut Microbiome Characteristics in feral and domesticated horses from different geographic locations.

Domesticated horses live under different conditions compared with their extinct wild ancestors. While housed, medicated and kept on a restricted source of feed, the microbiota of domesticated horses is hypothesized to be altered. We assessed the fecal microbiome of 57 domestic and feral horses from different locations on three continents, observing geographical differences.