The Hyperdense Right Hemidiaphragm Sign: A Novel Radiological Indicator of Diffuse Fatty Liver Infiltration on Non-Enhanced CT.

Objectives The primary objective of this study is to describe and evaluate the diagnostic performance of the hyperdense right hemidiaphragm sign (HRHS) as a novel radiological indicator for diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver on non-enhanced CT (NECT) scans. This includes assessing its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, and comparing these metrics with other established NECT signs. Methods This cross-sectional multicenter retrospective study included all patients over 12 years of age who underwent both abdominal MRI and NECT scans of the abdomen within a period not exceeding six months at two tertiary hospitals (The Royal Hospital and Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman) between January 2010 and December 2022.

Simultaneous Pancreatic and Kidney Transplant in Adult with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Post Surgical Events and Genetic Review.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited condition characterized by the growth of multiple bilateral cysts in the kidneys. We describe the case of a 35-year-old male with combined ADPKD and type 1 diabetes mellitus with a strong family history of both. At the age of 32, he developed end-stage kidney disease for which he underwent preemptive simultaneous pancreatic and kidney transplant, which in turn led to multiple perioperative complications.

Performance of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equations Versus Tc-DTPA-Renogram in Assessing Kidney Function.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equations (MDRD186, MDRD175) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations, in comparison with technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) renogram method, the gold standard. A related aim was to correlate the three equations to estimate GFR and their impact on reclassifying the stages of CKD in adult Omani patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited two groups of patients diagnosed with CKD during a 10-month period from January to October 2021.

The prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and mortality trends of inflammatory myopathies patients in Oman: the Prevision study.

Objectives: This research aims to investigate the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, mortality rates, survival rates and the rate of malignancy in patients diagnosed with inflammatory myopathies (IIM) in Oman.

Methods: This is a longitudinal study, that covered a span of 16 years at eight rheumatology centres in Oman. The study included all adults and paediatric patients diagnosed with different types of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and who fulfil either the Bohan classification criteria or the 2017 EULAR/ACR classification criteria.

Validating the diagnostic accuracy of an MRI-based scoring system for differentiating benign uterine leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas.

Objective: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine tumors. They are difficult to distinguish from their malignant counterparts-smooth muscle tumors of unknown malignant potential (STUMP) and leiomyosarcoma. The purpose of this study is to propose and validate the diagnostic accuracy of the MRI-based Oman-Canada Scoring System of Myometrial Masses (OCSSMM) to differentiate uterine leiomyomas from STUMP/leiomyosarcomas.

Leiomyomatous Lesions of the Colon: Two Case Reports with Radiological Features, Pathological Correlations, and Literature Review.

Colonic leiomyomatous lesions are smooth muscle tumors including both benign leiomyoma and malignant leiomyosarcoma. They usually occur in elderly and middle-aged groups. They are rare, representing 3% of all gastrointestinal leiomyomas.

Consensus recommendations on fasting during Ramadan for patients with kidney disease: review of available evidence and a call for action (RaK Initiative).

Ramadan fasting (RF) involves abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours; it is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Although sick individuals are exempt from fasting, many will fast anyway. This article explores the impact of RF on individuals with kidney diseases through a comprehensive review of existing literature and consensus recommendations.

Effectiveness of the Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics Cream in the Management of Arteriovenous Fistula Needle Insertion Pain in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis.

This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of the eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) cream in the management of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) needle insertion pain in adult patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) compared with other alternative interventions. The main search was conducted in November 2020 and updated in December 2021. In the search strategy, keywords and synonyms were used and multiple databases were searched with no date limitation to ensure a comprehensive search that would yield all studies relevant to the review and minimise location bias.

Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Oman: A Situational Analysis.

Objectives: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is increasingly prevalent in Oman. The aim of this situational analysis of PE among Omani patients was to study its predisposing factors, diagnostic issues, and optimal management.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional situational analysis, the subjects were Omani patients who were diagnosed with acute PE using computed tomography pulmonary angiogram from 2010-2021.

Epidemiology, Management, and Outcome of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in an Omani Cohort.

Objectives: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, life-threatening disease of chronic uncontrolled complement pathway activation that leads to thrombotic-microangiopathy, along with severe organ damage, including end-stage kidney disease. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, management, and outcome of aHUS in an Omani population.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive cohort study assessed all cases of aHUS diagnosed and followed up at two tertiary care centers in Oman from January 2008 to December 2019, based on clinical features, complement pathway assays, histopathological, and genetic testing.

COVID-19 Associated Acute Viral Myocarditis and Thyroid Gland Follicular Neoplasm in a Hemodialysis Patient.

Since the first cases were reported in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has spread swiftly worldwide and is caused by SARS-CoV-2. The development of myocardial injury is associated with significantly worse clinical course and increased mortality. However, currently, it is unclear whether cardiac injury occurred in COVID-19 patients.

Ternary Phenolate-Based Thiosemicarbazone Complexes of Copper(II): Magnetostructural Properties, Spectroscopic Features and Marked Selective Antiproliferative Activity against Cancer Cells.

The new diprotic ligand 3,5-di--butylsalicylaldehyde 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, abbreviated H(3,5--Bu)-sal4eT, exists as the thio-keto tautomer and adopts the -configuration with respect to the imine double bond, as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray analysis and corroborated by spectroscopic characterisation. Upon treatment with Cu(OAc)·HO in the presence of either 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Me-phen) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as a co-ligand in MeOH, this thiosemicarbazone undergoes conformational transformation (relative donor-atom orientations: → ) concomitantly with tautomerisation and double deprotonation to afford the ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu{(3,5--Bu)-sal4eT}(2,9-Me-phen)] () and [Cu{3,5--Bu)-sal4eT}(phen)] (). Crystallographic elucidation has revealed that complex is a centrosymmetric dimer of mononuclear copper(II) complex molecules brought about by intermolecular H-bonding.

Peritoneal dialysis in the Arabian Gulf countries: Challenges and opportunities.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a regional organisation, consisting of six Arab countries that share common objectives and cultural identities, with a total population of 57.3 million. The prevalence of patients requiring dialysis in GCC countries is increasing, with a current mean prevalence of 551 per million population.

Mycophenolate Induced Colitis: One-year Post-kidney Transplantation.

The incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been increasing over the past few years as a direct result of the growing percentages of individuals with metabolic syndrome. From 2001 to 2015 there were 2805 individuals diagnosed with ESKD in Oman with a growing number of patients undergoing renal transplant as the gold standard management of renal replacement therapy. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is one of the most frequently used medications as a part of immunosuppressive medications in renal transplant specifically and solid organ transplant generally.

Physicians' attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding antibiotic prescriptions.

Objectives: Inappropriate and overuse of antimicrobials, incorrect dosing, and extended duration are some of the leading causes of antibiotic-resistance that have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rational antibiotic prescribing among physicians in a teaching hospital in Oman, with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and interventions that could lead to judicious use of antimicrobials and reduce the emergence of resistant organisms METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing physicians' knowledge of and attitudes towards prescribing antibiotics was conducted at the Royal Hospital from 15 January to 31 March 2020. Likert scales were used to evaluate physicians' awareness and perception of personal performance regarding the care of patients with infections and rational use of antibiotics.

Real World Management of Anaphylaxis Versus the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidelines.

Objectives  Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening immediate allergic reaction caused by the sudden systemic release of mediators from mast cells. This study aims to assess the current practice of emergency management of children and adults diagnosed with anaphylaxis at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in line with the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines.  Methods This is an observational retrospective study of all anaphylaxis cases seen at the emergency department (ED) from January 2013 to January 2018 and compared with the management of anaphylaxis in the ED as per the NICE guidelines.

Therapeutic plasma exchange: A potential therapeutic modality for critically ill adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can be severe and fatal due to cytokine storm. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) potentially mitigates the harmful effects of such cytokines. We investigated the use of TPE, as rescue therapy, in patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Seroconversion of COVID-19 in Frontline Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman.

Objectives: This research aimed to study the seroconversion among frontline staff at the highest risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infections, including emergency department, critical care, and COVID-19 isolation wards in all healthcare job categories.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study on the incidence of seroconversion among frontline health care workers (HCWs) at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Two sera were collected 12 weeks apart to look for seroconversion.