Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Categories and Achievement of Therapeutic Targets in European Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more prone to experiencing severe cardiovascular (CV) events, often occurring at a younger age, due to a complex interplay of risk factors. T2DM diagnosis inherently classifies patients as belonging to a higher CV risk group. In light of the increased susceptibility to severe CV outcomes, our study aims to assess the distribution of CV risk categories and the attainment of therapeutic targets among Romanian patients diagnosed with T2DM.

Associations between Skin Autofluorescence Levels with Cardiovascular Risk and Diabetes Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs), making their non-invasive assessment through skin autofluorescence (SAF) increasingly important. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SAF levels, cardiovascular risk, and diabetic complications in T2DM patients. We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study at Consultmed Hospital in Iasi, Romania, including 885 T2DM patients.

Skin Autofluorescence as a Potential Adjunctive Marker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), due to its long-term hyperglycemia, leads to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), especially in the vessel walls. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a non-invasive tool that measures AGEs. DM patients have a rich dietary source in AGEs, associated with high oxidative stress and long-term inflammation.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions through the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 on Disability-A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) is a tool designed to measure disability in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Antidiabetic Molecule Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Real-Life Clinical Practice Study.

In this paper, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of antidiabetic cardioprotective molecules such as Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) when used with other glucose-lowering drugs, lipid-lowering, and blood pressure (BP)-lowering drugs in a real-life setting. A retrospective, observational study on 477 patients admitted consecutively in 2019 to the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care unit for Diabetes Mellitus was conducted. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) (both systolic and diastolic), and metabolic parameters, as well as A1c hemoglobin, fasting glycaemia and lipid profile, including total cholesterol (C), HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides), were evaluated at baseline and two follow-up visits were scheduled (6 months and 12 months) in order to assess the antidiabetic medication efficacy.

New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became superimposed on the pre-existing obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemics. Since COVID-19 infection alters the metabolic equilibrium, it may induce pathophysiologic mechanisms that potentiate new-onset DM, and we evaluated this issue.

Method: A systematic review of the literature published from the 1 January 2020 until the 20 July 2023 was performed (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022341638).

Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic Relevance of Sarcopenia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Systematic Review.

Background: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characteristic in elderly patients and is also associated with a significant proportion of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this case, it can lead to a worse prognosis of the disease and a decreased quality of life.

Study Aim: This study aims to identify the best ways to diagnose sarcopenia in patients with IBD, establish its impact on the course of the disease, and find preventive methods to counteract the effects of sarcopenia in the outcome of patients with IBD and, therefore, minimize disabilities and increase the health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

The Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2-Inhibitors on Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Steatohepatitis and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are part of metabolic syndrome and share multiple causal associations. Both conditions have an alarmingly increasing incidence and lead to multiple complications, which have an impact on a variety of organs and systems, such as the kidneys, eyes, and nervous and cardiovascular systems, or may cause metabolic disruptions. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2-inhibitors (SGLT2-i), as an antidiabetic class with well-established cardiovascular benefits, and its class members have also been studied for their presumed effects on steatosis and fibrosis improvement in patients with NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Prognostic Models in Growth-Hormone- and Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Growth-hormone (GH)- and prolactin (PRL)-secreting PitNETs (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors) are divided into multiple histological subtypes, which determine their clinical and biological variable behavior. Proliferation markers alone have a questionable degree of prediction, so we try to identify validated prognostic models as accurately as possible. (1) Background: The data available so far show that the use of staging and clinical-pathological classification of PitNETs, along with imaging, are useful in predicting the evolution of these tumors.

A Critical View over the Newest Antidiabetic Molecules in Light of Efficacy-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The increase in life expectancy without a decrease in the years lived without disability leads to the rise of the population aged over 65 years prone to polypharmacy. The novel antidiabetic drugs can improve this global therapeutic and health problem in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to establish the efficacy (A1c hemoglobin reduction) and safety of the newest antidiabetic drugs (considered so due to their novelty in medical practice use), specifically DPP-4i, SGLT-2i, GLP-1 Ra, and tirzepatide.

Evaluating the Adipose Tissue Depth as a Predictor Factor for Gestational Diabetes in Later Pregnancy-A Systematic Review.

The increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires non-invasive and precise techniques for evaluating the predisposing risk factors such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). According to PRISMA, we developed a systematic review and searched after "visceral adipose tissue AND gestational diabetes" and identified 221 articles on the MEDLINE and Word of Science databases. After assessing them for inclusion criteria and two researchers screened them, 11 relevant articles were included.

The Effects of Cardioprotective Antidiabetic Therapy on Microbiota in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Systematic Review.

As the pathophysiologic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are discovered, there is a switch from glucocentric to a more comprehensive, patient-centered management. The holistic approach considers the interlink between T2DM and its complications, finding the best therapies for minimizing the cardiovascular (CV) or renal risk and benefitting from the treatment's pleiotropic effects. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) fit best in the holistic approach because of their effects in reducing the risk of CV events and obtaining better metabolic control.

The Safety Profile of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in the Standard of Care Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: We evaluated the safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for their use with other glucose-lowering drugs and drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in a standard-of-care regimen with maximum tolerated doses, and, respectively, when compared with metformin.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study on 405 patients that were seen in the outpatient clinic of the N Paulescu National Institute for Diabetes Mellitus, Bucharest, Romania, in 2019. Their demographics, metabolic parameters, and medication safety were evaluated at three follow-up visits, from baseline, six months, and twelve months.

The Link between NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by an association of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus type 2 risk factors. Although the definition of MetS slightly differs depending on the society that described it, its central diagnostic criteria include impaired fasting glucose, low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides levels and high blood pressure. Insulin resistance (IR) is believed to be the main cause of MetS and is connected to the level of visceral or intra-abdominal adipose tissue, which could be assessed either by calculating body mass index or by measuring waist circumference.

The Proper Diagnosis of Thrombophilic Status in Preventing Fetal Growth Restriction.

Fetal growth restriction is an important part of monitoring a pregnancy. Because guidelines or diagnostic criteria for either minor or major thrombophilia are scarce, this systematic review aims to summarize the present knowledge in the field. We performed the CRD42022376006 protocol in Prospero with a systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Science databases and included original full-text articles (randomized control trials and clinical trials) from the last 10 years, published in English, and with the "thrombophilia AND (pregnancy OR diagnostic criteria) AND fetal growth restriction" criteria.

Novel Biomarkers Predictive of Diabetic Charcot Foot-An Overview of the Literature.

: Although Charcot diabetic foot (CDF) is a frequent complication of diabetic neuropathy, less is known about the possibility of its early prevention. : A review of the original articles published in English, using the "biomarkers AND Charcot's foot" criterion, resulted in 33 articles from the PubMed database and seven articles from the Web of Science database. The five duplicates were eliminated, and two independent reviewers selected the most relevant articles, leaving a total of 21 articles.

Non-Insulin Novel Antidiabetic Drugs Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.

The present study aimed to analyse the published data and to realize an update about the use and pathogenesis of the novel antidiabetic drugs, respectively, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 Ra), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Literature research in the PubMed and Web of Science database was performed in order to identify relevant published clinical trials and meta-analyses that include information about the treatment with novel antidiabetic agents in patients with T2DM and COVID-19. A total of seven articles were included, and their primary and secondary outcomes were reported and analysed.

First-Trimester Diagnosis of Supernumerary Hemivertebra.

Hemivertebra is a common cause of congenital scoliosis and results from a lack of formation of one-half of the vertebral body. This condition is very rare and can present as solitary or as a syndrome component: i.e.

Antioxidants in Hops: Bioavailability, Health Effects and Perspectives for New Products.

Hop plant ( L.) has been used by humans for ages, presumably first as a herbal remedy, then in the manufacturing of different products, from which beer is the most largely consumed. Female hops cones have different useful chemical compounds, an important class being antioxidants, mainly polyphenols.