Clinical profiles and treatment outcomes of 51 cases of carotid cavernous fistula: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: This study investigated carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) demographics, clinical profiles, imaging results, and treatment outcomes.

Methods: Our retrospective analysis included CCF patients' medical records from January 2016 to January 2022. This study included 51 cases-34 traumatic and 17 spontaneous CCFs.

Practical Guidelines Management of Graves Ophthalmopathy.

Graves' ophthalmopathy is the most common extra-thyroid manifestation in patients with Graves' disease, based on inflammatory and autoimmune conditions in orbital tissue. This practical guideline was formed by a multidiciplinary team, and is intended to provide guidance for diagnosis and management of Graves' ophthalmopathy in daily clinical practice to improve quality of care and treatment outcome.