Geochemical modeling, source apportionment, health risk exposure and control of higher fluoride in groundwater of sub-district Dargai, Pakistan.

The present study examined the hydrogeochemical profile of higher fluoride (F) in groundwater of mixed industrial and mining areas of Dargai, northern Pakistan. Groundwater samples (n = 75) were collected from three hydrogeochemical environments. The mean concentrations of pH, EC, TDS, Depth and Temperature were (7.

Mapping human health risk from exposure to potential toxic metal contamination in groundwater of Lower Dir, Pakistan: Application of multivariate and geographical information system.

The study aimed to assess the physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolve solid (TDS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), Temperature) and potential toxic metals (PTMs), including Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Fe and Zn in the groundwater of Lower Dir, Pakistan. Furthermore, the pollution sources and spatial distribution pattern of PTMs were also investigated via principal component analysis (PCA) and geographic information system (GIS) application to understand the changing behaviors of PTMs in groundwater. The average concentrations of physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, ORP and Temperature were 7.

Fluoride prevalence in groundwater around a fluorite mining area in the flood plain of the River Swat, Pakistan.

This study investigated the fluoride (F) concentrations and physicochemical parameters of the groundwater in a fluorite mining area of the flood plain region of the River Swat, with particular emphasis on the fate and distribution of F and the hydrogeochemistry. To better understand the groundwater hydrochemical profile and F enrichment, groundwater samples (n=53) were collected from shallow (24-40m), mid-depth (48-65m) and deep (85-120m) aquifers, and then analysed using an ion-selective electrode. The lowest F concentration (0.