Volcaniclastic density currents explain widespread and diverse seafloor impacts of the 2022 Hunga Volcano eruption.

The impacts of large terrestrial volcanic eruptions are apparent from satellite monitoring and direct observations. However, more than three quarters of all volcanic outputs worldwide lie submerged beneath the ocean, and the risks they pose to people, infrastructure, and benthic ecosystems remain poorly understood due to inaccessibility and a lack of detailed observations before and after eruptions. Here, comparing data acquired between 2015 - 2017 and 3 months after the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Volcano, we document the far-reaching and diverse impacts of one of the most explosive volcanic eruptions ever recorded.

Fast and destructive density currents created by ocean-entering volcanic eruptions.

Volcanic eruptions on land create hot and fast pyroclastic density currents, triggering tsunamis or surges that travel over water where they reach the ocean. However, no field study has documented what happens when large volumes of erupted volcanic material are instead delivered directly into the ocean. We show how the rapid emplacement of large volumes of erupted material onto steep submerged slopes triggered extremely fast (122 kilometers per hour) and long-runout (>100 kilometers) seafloor currents.

The footprint of ship anchoring on the seafloor.

With the COVID-19 pandemic came what media has deemed the "port congestion pandemic". Intensified by the pandemic, the commonplace anchoring of high-tonnage ships causes a substantial geomorphologial footprint on the seabed outside marine ports globally, but isn't yet quantified. We present the first characterisation of the footprint and extent of anchoring in a low congestion port in New Zealand-Aotearoa, demonstrating that high-tonnage ship anchors excavate the seabed by up to 80 cm, with the impacts preserved for at least 4 years.

Predicting habitat suitability of filter-feeder communities in a shallow marine environment, New Zealand.

The distribution of benthic ecosystems, dominated by filter-feeding communities, is highly influenced by the seabed geomorphology. However, the spatial variation in settlement of these species is also affected by near-bottom currents and any changes in light, nutrient concentration and food quality often associated with increases of suspended sediment concentrations within the water column. Detailed predictions of the geographic distribution of filter-feeder species and a deeper understanding of the physical processes influencing their distribution patterns is key for effective management and conservation.

A feasibility study investigating the impact of a dietitian-led low in fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyols diet group education programme with irritable bowel syndrome.

Aims: To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of dietitian-led education on using the low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyols (FODMAP) diet in adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Methods: Patients with IBS (n=25) were referred by their general practitioner to attend a group education programme. The number recruited and subsequent attendance were used to evaluate feasibility.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a carrier of a Y;autosome translocation resulting in a healthy male offspring.

Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a successful pregnancy for a carrier of a balanced Y;autosome translocation.

Design: Four locus-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, informative for the translocation, were identified and tested on peripheral lymphocyte metaphase chromosomes and interphase preparations from the translocation carrier and his partner.

Setting: National health service genetics center, cytogenetics laboratory, and assisted conception unit.

What do young adults expect when they go online? Lessons for development of an STD/HIV and pregnancy prevention website.

We used participatory research to develop a theoretically based online STD/HIV and pregnancy prevention intervention that would be entertaining and captivating for 15-25 year olds while delivering key messages about condom use. We conducted six focus groups with 15-25 year olds attending reproductive health clinics and completed a content analysis with focus group data. Youth had expectations that websites contain features such as graphics and flash technology.