Type I Interferon Drives a Cellular State Inert to TCR-Stimulation and Could Impede Effective T-Cell Differentiation in Cancer.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC exhibit distinct molecular and clinical characteristics. Although checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficiency in recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, response variability persists regardless of HPV status.

A pragmatic qualitative study to explore women's and clinicians' experience of access to systemic anti-cancer therapies for the treatment of secondary breast cancer.

Purpose: An estimated 57,000 women are currently living with secondary (metastatic) breast cancer across the UK. Equitable access to treatment has been associated with improved clinical outcomes, however geographical disparities have been reported which remain poorly understood. The purpose of our study was to explore women and clinicians' experience of geographic access to systemic anti-cancer therapies for the treatment of secondary breast cancer.

Geographic and sociodemographic access to systemic anticancer therapies for secondary breast cancer: a systematic review.

Background: The review aimed to investigate geographic and sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of systemic anticancer therapies (SACT) for women with secondary (metastatic) breast cancer (SBC).

Methods: Included studies reported geographic and sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of treatment with SACT for women > 18 years with an SBC diagnosis. Information sources searched were Ovid CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and Ovid PsychINFO.

Inhibition of CD39 unleashes macrophage antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis against B-cell lymphoma.

Redirection of tumor-associated macrophages to eliminate tumor cells holds great promise for overcoming therapeutic resistance to rituximab and other antibody drugs. Here, we determined the expression of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and examined the impact of extracellular ATP (eATP) metabolism on macrophage-mediated anti-lymphoma immunity. Immunostaining of tissue microarray samples showed that CD39 (the ecto-enzyme for eATP hydrolysis) was highly expressed in tumors with the non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) subtype, and to a lesser extent tumors with the GCB subtype.

Access to systemic anti-cancer therapies for women with secondary breast cancer-protocol for a mixed methods systematic review.

Background: It is well recognised that access and receipt of appropriate guideline recommended treatment with systemic anti-cancer therapies for secondary breast cancer is a key determinant in overall survival. Where there is disparity in access this may result in unwarranted variation and disparity in outcomes. Individual, clinical and wider contextual factors have been associated with these disparities, however this remains poorly understood for women with secondary breast cancer.

CD155 on Tumor Cells Drives Resistance to Immunotherapy by Inducing the Degradation of the Activating Receptor CD226 in CD8 T Cells.

The activating receptor CD226 is expressed on lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets and promotes anti-tumor immunity in pre-clinical models. Here, we examined the role of CD226 in the function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and resistance to immunotherapy. In murine tumors, a large proportion of CD8 TILs had decreased surface expression of CD226 and exhibited features of dysfunction, whereas CD226 TILs were highly functional.

Proactive Wellness Care for Patients with Osteoarthritis.

Wellness care should start when the diagnosis of osteoarthritis becomes evident. Guidelines from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the American College of Rheumatology are the basis of the treatment modalities. Providing patients with intentional strategies to prepare them for possible joint replacement surgery is key to prevent postoperative complications and give them the best opportunity for an optimal outcome after surgical intervention.

Are food and drink retailers within NHS venues adhering to NICE Quality standard 94 guidance on childhood obesity? A cross-sectional study of two large secondary care NHS hospitals in England.

Objective: To assess whether the food and drink retail outlets in two major National Health Service (NHS) district general hospitals in England adhere to quality statements 1-3 of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) quality standard 94.

Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study to assess the food and drink options available in vending machines, restaurants, cafes and shops in two secondary care hospitals.

Main Outcome Measures: Adherence to quality statement 1 whereby the food and drink items available in the vending machines were classified as either healthy or less healthy using the Nutrient Profiling Model (NPM).

High prevalence of mismatch repair deficiency in prostate cancers diagnosed in mismatch repair gene mutation carriers from the colon cancer family registry.

The question of whether prostate cancer is part of the Lynch syndrome spectrum of tumors is unresolved. We investigated the mismatch repair (MMR) status and pathologic features of prostate cancers diagnosed in MMR gene mutation carriers. Prostate cancers (mean age at diagnosis = 62 ± SD = 8 years) from 32 MMR mutation carriers (23 MSH2, 5 MLH1 and 4 MSH6) enrolled in the Australasian, Mayo Clinic and Ontario sites of the Colon Cancer Family Registry were examined for clinico-pathologic features and MMR-deficiency (immunohistochemical loss of MMR protein expression and high levels of microsatellite instability; MSI-H).

Colorectal carcinomas with KRAS mutation are associated with distinctive morphological and molecular features.

KRAS-mutated carcinomas comprise 35-40% of all colorectal carcinomas but little is known about their characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine the pathological and molecular features of KRAS-mutated colorectal carcinomas and to compare them with other carcinoma subgroups. KRAS mutation testing was performed in 776 incident tumors from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.