Can a Higher Protein/Low Glycemic Index vs. a Conventional Diet Attenuate Changes in Appetite and Gut Hormones Following Weight Loss? A 3-Year PREVIEW Sub-study.

Previous research showed that weight-reducing diets increase appetite sensations and/or circulating ghrelin concentrations for up to 36 months, with transient or enduring perturbations in circulating concentrations of the satiety hormone peptide YY. This study assessed whether a diet that is higher in protein and low in glycemic index (GI) may attenuate these changes. 136 adults with pre-diabetes and a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m underwent a 2-month weight-reducing total meal replacement diet.

Urine dipsticks are not accurate for detecting mild ketosis during a severely energy restricted diet.

Background: Detection of the mild ketosis induced by severely energy-restricted diets may be a clinically useful way to monitor and promote dietary adherence. Mild ketosis is often assessed using urine dipsticks, but accuracy for this purpose has not been tested.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of urine dipsticks to detect mild ketosis during adherence to a severely energy-restricted diet.

3-Year effect of weight loss via severe versus moderate energy restriction on body composition among postmenopausal women with obesity - the TEMPO Diet Trial.

Unlabelled: We have previously shown that a severely energy-restricted diet leads to greater loss of weight, fat, lean mass and bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 months in postmenopausal women with obesity than a moderately energy-restricted diet. We now aim to evaluate whether these effects are sustained longer term (ie, at 36 months). 101 postmenopausal women were randomized to either 12 months of moderate (25 to 35%) energy restriction with a food-based diet (moderate intervention), or 4 months of severe (65 to 75%) energy restriction with a total meal replacement diet followed by moderate energy restriction for 8 months (severe intervention).

Effect of Weight Loss via Severe vs Moderate Energy Restriction on Lean Mass and Body Composition Among Postmenopausal Women With Obesity: The TEMPO Diet Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Severely energy-restricted diets are the most effective dietary obesity treatment. However, there are concerns regarding potential adverse effects on body composition.

Objective: To compare the long-term effects of weight loss via severe vs moderate energy restriction on lean mass and other aspects of body composition.

Less Waste on Waist Measurements: Determination of Optimal Waist Circumference Measurement Site to Predict Visceral Adipose Tissue in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity.

With obesity being a leading cause of preventable death, it is vital to understand how best to identify individuals with greater risk of metabolic disease, especially those with high visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to determine whether three commonly used waist circumference (WC) measurement sites could provide accurate estimations of VAT, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is a gold standard for measuring VAT, in postmenopausal women with obesity. VAT volume was measured by MRI of the total abdomen in 97 women aged 57.