Opioid use disorder prevalence in 57 New York counties from 2017 to 2019: A Bayesian evidence synthesis.

Introduction: Prevalence estimates of opioid use disorder (OUD) at local levels are critical for public health planning and surveillance, yet largely unavailable across the US especially at the local county level.

Methods: We used a Bayesian evidence synthesis approach to estimate the prevalence of OUD for 57 counties across New York State for 2017-2019 and compare rates of OUD across counties as well as assess the extent of undiagnosed OUD. We developed a generative model to assess conditional probabilistic relations between different subgroups of the OUD population defined by diagnosis, treatment, and overdose fatality.

Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling (PBPK/PD) of Famotidine in Pregnancy.

Famotidine, a H-receptor antagonist, is commonly used to treat heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease during pregnancy. However, information on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of famotidine in pregnant patients is limited since pregnant patients are usually excluded from clinical trials. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for famotidine in non-pregnant and pregnant populations, and to combine it with a pharmacodynamic (PD) model to predict the effect of famotidine on intragastric pH.

Proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite heterostructures.

Proximity ferroelectricity is an interface-associated phenomenon in electric-field-driven polarization reversal in a non-ferroelectric polar material induced by one or more adjacent ferroelectric materials. Here we report proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite ferroelectric heterostructures. In the present case, the non-ferroelectric layers are AlN and ZnO, whereas the ferroelectric layers are AlBN, AlScN and ZnMgO.

The impacts of alien species on river bioassessment.

The extent of alien taxa impacts on river ecosystem health is unclear, but their frequency continues to rise. We investigated 1) the prevalence of including alien taxa in common bioindicators used in river bioassessment, 2) the effect of alien taxa on the richness and abundance of natives, and 3) whether including alien taxa in bioassessment tools increased their sensitivity to river degradation. In the 17 countries analyzed fish represented the greatest number of alien species (1726), followed by macrophytes (925), macroinvertebrates (556), and diatoms (7).

Emergency department-initiated oral naltrexone for patients with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder: A pilot feasibility study.

Objectives: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder in the United States. Despite availability of four FDA-approved medications, fewer than 10% of patients are prescribed medication. This study aimed to evaluate the impact and feasibility of emergency department (ED)-initiated oral naltrexone in patients with moderate to severe AUD.

Ascertaining provider-level implicit bias in electronic health records with rules-based natural language processing: A pilot study in the case of prostate cancer.

Purpose: Implicit, unconscious biases in medicine are personal attitudes about race, ethnicity, gender, and other characteristics that may lead to discriminatory patterns of care. However, there is no consensus on whether implicit bias represents a true predictor of differential care given an absence of real-world studies. We conducted the first real-world pilot study of provider implicit bias by evaluating treatment parity in prostate cancer using unstructured data-the most common way providers document granular details of the patient encounter.

Implementation and Experimental Application of Industrial IoT Architecture Using Automation and IoT Hardware/Software.

The paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) require functional architectures to deploy and organize hardware and software taking advantage of modern digital technologies in industrial systems. In this sense, a lot of the literature proposes and describes this type of architecture with a conceptual angle, without providing experimental validation or with scarce details about the involved equipment under real operation.

Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Changes in Deformational Head Shapes During Repositioning Therapy and Cranial Remolding Treatment.

The surge in deformational head shapes (DHSs) over the past 30 years has led to increased interest in comparing the treatment options of Repositioning Therapy (RT) and a Cranial Remolding Orthosis (CRO). This study investigates the amount and rate of 2D and 3D correction in infants with DHSs during these treatments. A total of 34 infants with DHSs were enrolled (RT group, = 18; CRO group, = 16).

The impact of stigma and discrimination-based narratives in the health of migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

Stigma and discrimination-based narratives have been associated with adverse health outcomes. Migrants and refugees face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare, influenced by stigma and discrimination-based narratives against them. We conducted a scoping review of scientific and grey literature (n = 61) to discuss available evidence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) concerning communication and narrative speeches related to international migration and its implications for population health, particularly when associated with stigma and discrimination against migrants and refugees.

Treatment patterns and outcomes in secondary acute myeloid leukemia arising after hypomethylating agents: PETHEMA registry study.

Background: Patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia who previously received hypomethylating agents for prior myeloid neoplasms (HMA-sAML) face a dismal prognosis.

Methods: The authors analyze the characteristics, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes of patients with HMA-sAML from the Programa Español para el Tratamiento de Hemopatías Malignas (PETHEMA) registry.

Results: A total of 479 patients were included, mostly from prior myelodysplastic syndrome (84%).

Evaluating the factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) in adults with congenital heart disease.

: While it is generally assumed that common neurobehavioral assessments, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), function similarly in clinical and non-clinical populations, this has not been validated in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). In this study, we examined the latent factor structure of the WAIS-IV in adults with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) who participated in the Boston Circulatory Arrest Study. : The WAIS-IV was administered as part of a larger assessment battery.

Psychopathology of organic brain disorders.

The concept of mental symptom is constructed considering not only the biological signal that determines it, but the multilayered causative factors related to intersubjective experience. However, specific brain damage might produce a set of symptoms expressed in a recognizable gestalt that helps to differentiate organic of psychogenic causation. The legacy of the theory of mental symptoms developed by German Berrios and the seminal work of Hughlings Jackson and Kurt Goldstein can contribute to this difficult task.

Extreme Phenotypic Variability of -Related Disorders in Hearing Loss.

Hearing loss is the most common sensory defect in humans, affecting normal communication. In most cases, hearing loss is a multifactorial disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, but single-gene mutations can lead to syndromic or non-syndromic hearing loss. Monoallelic variants in , coding for gamma (γ)-actin, are associated with classical Baraitser-Winter Syndrome type 2 (BRWS2, nonsyndromic deafness, and a variety of clinical presentations not fitting the original BRWS2 description or nonsyndromic deafness.

Longitudinal determinants of thriving in Puerto Rican climate crisis migrants on the U.S. mainland: A structural equation model.

Climate-related disasters pose significant risks to mental health and well-being globally. Individuals from disaster-prone regions, such as Puerto Rico, are at even greater risk. The devastating effects of recurrent hurricanes, compounded with pre-existing structural disparities (e.

Phage-mediated intercellular CRISPRi for biocomputation in bacterial consortia.

Coordinated actions of cells in microbial communities and multicellular organisms enable them to perform complex tasks otherwise difficult for single cells. This has inspired biological engineers to build cellular consortia for larger circuits with improved functionalities while implementing communication systems for coordination among cells. Here, we investigate the signalling dynamics of a phage-mediated synthetic DNA messaging system and couple it with CRISPR interference to build distributed circuits that perform logic gate operations in multicellular bacterial consortia.

Leptospirosis outbreak in Ecuador in 2023: A pilot study for surveillance from a One Health perspective.

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that is endemic in tropical regions, including Ecuador. It is caused by spirochetes of the genus , which can infect humans through animal reservoirs such as rats and dogs, or through contact with contaminated water or soil. In March 2023, public health authorities declared a concerning outbreak of leptospirosis in Durán Cantón, located in the Coastal region of Ecuador.

Enhancing wine fermentation through concurrent utilization of and lactic acid bacteria ( and ) or .

Most commercially available red wines undergo alcoholic fermentation by yeasts, followed by a second fermentation with the lactic acid bacteria once the initial process is complete. However, this traditional approach can encounter complications in specific scenarios. These situations pose risks such as stalled alcoholic fermentation or the growth of undesirable bacteria while the process remains incomplete, leaving residual sugars in the wine.

Depression is Associated with Treatment Response Trajectories in Adults with Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Machine Learning Analysis.

Unlabelled: Although evidence-based treatments for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) exist, pretreatment characteristics associated with differential improvement trajectories have not been identified. To identify clinical factors relevant to optimizing PGD treatment outcomes, we used unsupervised and supervised machine learning to study treatment effects from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized into four treatment groups for 20 weeks: citalopram with grief-informed clinical management, citalopram with prolonged grief disorder therapy (PGDT), pill placebo with PGDT, or pill placebo with clinical management.

Agro-industrial wastes and their application perspectives in metal decontamination using biocomposites and bacterial biomass: a review.

Contamination of water bodies is a significant global issue that results from the deliberate release of pollutants into the environment, especially from mining and metal processing industries. The main pollutants generated by these industries are metallic wastes, particularly metals, which can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective and sustainable approaches to prevent their discharge into the environment.

Hemodynamic evaluation of the pulmonary arteries and aorta using 4D flow cardiac MRI in children and young adults with dextro-transposition of the great arteries after the arterial switch operation.

Background: Pulmonary artery stenosis, neoaortic dilatation, and neoaortic valve insufficiency are among the most frequent complications of the arterial switch operation for repair of dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). It remains difficult to predict which patients will require great arterial reintervention.

Objective: We aimed to characterize hemodynamics within the great arteries using 4D flow MRI in patients with d-TGA after the arterial switch operation.

Stable isotope tempestology of tropical cyclones across the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean basins.

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the major natural hazards to island and coastal communities and ecosystems. However, isotopic compositions of TC-derived precipitation (P) in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) reservoirs are still lacking. We tested the three main assumptions of the isotope storm "spike" hypothesis (sudden spikes in isotopic ratios).

Physical Performance Effects Associated with a 16-Week Therapeutic Yoga Intervention in Survivors of Cancers in the South Texas Region: A Pilot Study.

Yoga is recognized as a complementary practice that improves physical, mental, and spiritual health in survivors of cancer. The present study assessed associations between a holistic approach and physical function for 30 survivors of cancer in south Texas. Cancer survivors (86% female) of diverse backgrounds (62% underrepresented minorities) performed a battery of physical function tests, including a 6-minute walk test, to assess cardiorespiratory function, isometric shoulder and elbow-flexor strength, dominant-arm grip strength, dominant-arm shoulder range of motion via inclinometer, sit-and-reach test to assess trunk and lower-extremity flexibility, and a 30-second sit-to-stand test to assess lower-extremity endurance.

Open-source Internet of Things (IoT)-based air pollution monitoring system with protective case for tropical environments.

In recent years, the escalation of industrial activities has significantly increased natural resource pollution, with air pollution becoming a major cause of diseases affecting living organisms. To address this critical environmental challenge, this study proposes a comprehensive air pollution monitoring system utilizing advanced technological instruments based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system's primary objective is to provide precise, rapid, and efficient measurements, enabling detailed examinations of pollutant behaviors and facilitating data dissemination.

Plasma proteomics for novel biomarker discovery in childhood tuberculosis.

Failure to rapidly diagnose tuberculosis disease (TB) and initiate treatment is a driving factor of TB as a leading cause of death in children. Current TB diagnostic assays have poor performance in children, and identifying novel non-sputum-based TB biomarkers to improve pediatric TB diagnosis is a global priority. We sought to develop a plasma biosignature for TB by probing the plasma proteome of 511 children stratified by TB diagnostic classification and HIV status from sites in four low- and middle-income countries, using high-throughput data-independent acquisition mass-spectrometry (DIA-PASEF-MS).