Electrocortical Profiles in Relation to Childhood Adversity and Depression Severity: A Preliminary Report.

Assessment of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in depression has provided insights into neural profiles of the illness. However, there is limited understanding on how symptom severity and risk factors, such as childhood adversity, influence EEG features. Eyes-closed EEG was acquired in N = 28 depressed individuals being treated in a tertiary psychiatric setting.

Longitudinal experiences of Canadians receiving compassionate access to psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy.

Recent clinical trials have found that the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin effectively alleviates anxiodepressive symptoms in patients with life-threatening illnesses when given in a supportive environment. These outcomes prompted Canada to establish legal pathways for therapeutic access to psilocybin, coupled with psychological support. Despite over one-hundred Canadians receiving compassionate access since 2020, there has been little examination of these 'real-world' patients.

Auditory P50 Sensory Gating Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder and their Relationship to Clinical Symptoms.

Cognitive deficits in depression are pervasive and include impairments in attention and higher-order functions but the degree to which low-level sensory processes are affected is unclear. The present work examined event-related potential (P50 and N100) features of auditory sensory gating (i.e.

Self-perception evolution among university student TikTok users: evidence from China.

The effects of short movies on social media platforms are gaining worldwide popularity and are now attracting global academic attention. Employing self-perception theory and qualitative research methodology, the study examines the influence of short video applications (TikTok) on app-user engagement and evaluates the self-perceived cognitive psychological understanding of Chinese university students. The findings show that identity, attitude change, emotional perception, and civic engagement are the most influential aspects of Chinese youths' self-perceptions.

Garcinolic Acid Distinguishes Between GACKIX Domains and Modulates Interaction Networks.

Natural products are often uniquely suited to modulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs) due to their architectural and functional group complexity relative to synthetic molecules. Here we demonstrate that the natural product garcinolic acid allosterically blocks the CBP/p300 KIX PPI network and displays excellent selectivity over related GACKIX motifs. It does so via a strong interaction (K 1 μM) with a non-canonical binding site containing a structurally dynamic loop in CBP/p300 KIX.

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Alters Auditory Steady-State Oscillatory Rhythms and Their Cross-Frequency Couplings.

Auditory cortical plasticity deficits in schizophrenia are evidenced with electroencephalographic (EEG)-derived biomarkers, including the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Aiming to understand the underlying oscillatory mechanisms contributing to the 40-Hz ASSR, we examined its response to transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied bilaterally to the temporal lobe of 23 healthy participants. Although not responding to gamma tACS, the 40-Hz ASSR was modulated by theta tACS (vs sham tACS), with reductions in gamma power and phase locking being accompanied by increases in theta-gamma phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling.

KiT-GENIE, the French genetic biobank of kidney transplantation.

KiT-GENIE is a monocentric DNA biobank set up to consolidate the very rich and homogeneous DIVAT French cohort of kidney donors and recipients (D/R) in order to explore the molecular factors involved in kidney transplantation outcomes. We collected DNA samples for kidney transplantations performed in Nantes, and we leveraged GWAS genotyping data for securing high-quality genetic data with deep SNP and HLA annotations through imputations and for inferring D/R genetic ancestry. Overall, the biobank included 4217 individuals (n = 1945 D + 2,272 R, including 1969 D/R pairs), 7.

Ethnoracial Inclusion in Clinical Trials of Ketamine in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders.

Objective: Despite strong evidence for the safety and efficacy of ketamine in the treatment of mood disorders, the enrollment of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) has not been a focus of this research. Health disparities in the treatment of mood disorders in BIPOC indicate a strong need to understand the clinical, social, and pharmacological aspects of this novel treatment in people of color.

Method: A comprehensive methodological search for double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized ketamine clinical trials published from 1993 to 2020 was conducted across several databases to analyze the demographics of trial participants.

Synchronized Auditory Gamma Response to Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and its Inter-Individual Variation in Healthy Humans.

In schizophrenia, a disorder associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, auditory cortical plasticity deficits have been indexed by the synchronized electroencephalographic (EEG) auditory steady-state gamma-band (40-Hz) response (ASSR) and the early auditory evoked gamma-band response (aeGBR), both considered to be target engagement biomarkers for NMDAR function, and potentially amenable to treatment by NMDAR modulators. As transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is likely dependent on NMDAR neurotransmission, this preliminary study, conducted in 30 healthy volunteers, assessed the off-line effects of prefrontal anodal tDCS and sham (placebo) treatment on 40-Hz ASSR and aeGBR. Anodal tDCS failed to alter aeGBR but increased both 40-Hz ASSR power, as measured by event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP), and phase locking, as measured by inter-trial phase consistency (ITPC).

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism impairs sensory gating in the auditory cortex in response to speech stimuli.

Deficits in early auditory sensory processing in schizophrenia have been linked to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, but the role of NMDARs in aberrant auditory sensory gating (SG) in this disorder is unclear. This study, conducted in 22 healthy humans, examined the acute effects of a subanesthetic dose of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on SG as measured electrophysiologically by suppression of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) to the second (S2) relative to the first (S1) of two closely paired (500 ms) identical speech stimuli. Ketamine induced impairment in SG indices at sensor (scalp)-level and at source-level in the auditory cortex (as assessed with eLORETA).

Electrophysiological correlates and predictors of the antidepressant response to repeated ketamine infusions in treatment-resistant depression.

Background: Sub-anesthetic ketamine doses rapidly reduce depressive symptoms, although additional investigations of the underlying neural mechanisms and the prediction of response outcomes are needed. Electroencephalographic (EEG)-derived measures have shown promise in predicting antidepressant response to a variety of treatments, and are sensitive to ketamine administration. This study examined their utility in characterizing changes in depressive symptoms following single and repeated ketamine infusions.

It's in the Timing: Reduced Temporal Precision in Neural Activity of Schizophrenia.

Studies of perception and cognition in schizophrenia (SCZ) show neuronal background noise (ongoing activity) to intermittently overwhelm the processing of external stimuli. This increased noise, relative to the activity evoked by the stimulus, results in temporal imprecision and higher variability of behavioral responses. What, however, are the neural correlates of temporal imprecision in SCZ behavior? We first report a decrease in electroencephalography signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in two SCZ datasets and tasks in the broadband (1-80 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), and alpha (8-13 Hz) bands.

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism modulates P300 event-related potentials and associated activity in salience and central executive networks.

Impairments in auditory information processing in schizophrenia as indexed electrophysiologically by P300 deficits during novelty (P3a) and target (P3b) processing are linked to N -methyl- D -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction. This study in 14 healthy volunteers examined the effects of a subanesthetic dose of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on P300 and their relationship to psychomimetic symptoms and cortical source activity (with eLORETA). Ketamine reduced early (e- P3a) and late (l-P3a) novelty P300 at sensor (scalp)-level and at source-level in the salience network.

A Dual-Site Inhibitor of CBP/p300 KIX is a Selective and Effective Modulator of Myb.

The protein-protein interaction between the KIX motif of the transcriptional coactivator CBP/p300 and the transcriptional activator Myb is a high-value target due to its established role in certain acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and potential contributions to other cancers. However, the CBP/p300 KIX domain has multiple binding sites, several structural homologues, many binding partners, and substantial conformational plasticity, making it challenging to specifically target using small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we report a picomolar dual-site inhibitor (MybLL-tide) of the Myb-CBP/p300 KIX interaction.

Research abuses against people of colour and other vulnerable groups in early psychedelic research.

There is a growing resurgence in the study of psychedelic medicines for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders. However, certain early investigations are marred by questionable research methods, abuses against research participants, and covert Central Intelligence Agency financial involvement. The purpose of this study was to understand how and to what extent people of colour and other vulnerable populations, specifically, individuals who were incarcerated or incapacitated due to mental health issues (inpatients with psychotic disorders), were exploited during the first wave of psychedelic research in the USA (1950-1980).

Dendritic Cells Require TMEM176A/B Ion Channels for Optimal MHC Class II Antigen Presentation to Naive CD4 T Cells.

Intracellular ion fluxes emerge as critical actors of immunoregulation but still remain poorly explored. In this study, we investigated the role of the redundant cation channels TMEM176A and TMEM176B (TMEM176A/B) in retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt cells and conventional dendritic cells (DCs) using germline and conditional double knockout mice. Although appeared surprisingly dispensable for the protective function of Th17 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal mucosa, we found that they were required in conventional DCs for optimal Ag processing and presentation to CD4 T cells.

Norstictic Acid Is a Selective Allosteric Transcriptional Regulator.

Inhibitors of transcriptional protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have high value both as tools and for therapeutic applications. The PPI network mediated by the transcriptional coactivator Med25, for example, regulates stress-response and motility pathways, and dysregulation of the PPI networks contributes to oncogenesis and metastasis. The canonical transcription factor binding sites within Med25 are large (∼900 Å) and have little topology, and thus, they do not present an array of attractive small-molecule binding sites for inhibitor discovery.

Ethnoracial health disparities and the ethnopsychopharmacology of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies.

Emerging evidence from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials suggests psychedelic compounds such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), when administered as an adjunct to psychotherapy, that is, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP), may be beneficial for treating substance use disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions. Previous ethnopsychopharmacological research has identified ethnoracial differences in the metabolism, safety, and efficacy of psychotropic drugs, yet no studies have directly investigated the impact of ethnoracially based differences in psychedelic drug pharmacology. Although there is an extensive global history of psychedelic use among peoples of various cultures, ethnicities, and intersectional identities, psychedelic research has been conducted almost exclusively on White populations in North America and Western Europe.

Depression Diagnosis Modeling With Advanced Computational Methods: Frequency-Domain eMVAR and Deep Learning.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based automated depression diagnosis systems have been suggested for early and accurate detection of mood disorders. EEG signals are highly irregular, nonlinear, and nonstationary in nature and are traditionally studied from a linear viewpoint by means of statistical and frequency features. Since, linear metrics present certain limitations and nonlinear methods have proven to be an efficient tool in understanding the complexities of the brain in the identification of underlying behavior of biological signals, such as electrocardiogram, EEG and magnetoencephalogram and thus, can be applied to all nonstationary signals.

Involuntary 5F-ADB-related intoxication following e-cigarette use.

The detection of synthetic cannabinoid (SC) intoxication cases is challenging, even more when the involved SC identification is requested in a forensic context. This situation can be complicated by new modes of SC consumption, non-specific symptomatology, and analytical pitfalls. To illustrate these issues, we report the case of a 16-year-old man who presented symptoms evocating of a seizure disorder in the minutes following the use of a friend's e-cigarette.

Cystathionine-gamma-lyase overexpression in T cells enhances antitumor effect independently of cysteine autonomy.

T cells could be engineered to overcome the aberrant metabolic milieu of solid tumors and tip the balance in favor of a long-lasting clinical response. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of stably overexpressing cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CTH, CSE, or cystathionase), a pivotal enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, in antitumor CD8 T cells with the initial aim to boost intrinsic cysteine metabolism. Using a mouse model of adoptive cell transfer (ACT), we found that CTH-expressing T cells showed a superior control of tumor growth compared to control T cells.

Resting-state functional EEG connectivity in salience and default mode networks and their relationship to dissociative symptoms during NMDA receptor antagonism.

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists administered to healthy humans results in schizophrenia-like symptoms, which are thought in part to be related to glutamatergically altered electrophysiological connectivity in large-scale intrinsic functional brain networks. Here, we examine resting-state source electroencephalographic (EEG) connectivity within and between the default mode (DMN: for self-related cognitive activity) and salience networks (SN: for detection of salient stimuli in internal and external environments) in 21 healthy volunteers administered a subanesthetic dose of the dissociative anesthetic and NMDAR antagonist, ketamine. In addition to provoking symptoms of dissociation, which are thought to originate from an altered sense of self that is common to schizophrenia, ketamine induces frequency-dependent increases and decreases in connectivity within and between DMN and SN.