Role and Significance of Dietary Protein in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications in India: An Expert Opinion.

Background: Obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose a triple burden in India. Almost two-thirds of people with diabetes (PWD) in India are found to have suboptimal glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in diabetes has emphasized on the amount and type of carbohydrates for years.

Deep learning structural insights into heterotrimeric alternatively spliced P2X7 receptors.

P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are membrane-bound ATP-gated ion channels that are composed of three subunits. Different subunit structures may be expressed due to alternative splicing of the P2RX7 gene, altering the receptor's function when combined with the wild-type P2X7A subunits. In this study, the application of the deep-learning method, AlphaFold2-Multimer (AF2M), for the generation of trimeric P2X7Rs was validated by comparing an AF2M-generated rat wild-type P2X7A receptor with a structure determined by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) (Protein Data Bank Identification: 6U9V).

Effects of Age, Fulton's Condition Index (K) and Muscle Fat on Total Mercury Content in Raw, Pre-Canning and Canned Samples of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ().

A total of 30 samples of Atlantic bluefin tuna were analysed for total mercury concentration. Relationships between total mercury content and age, Fulton's condition index (K) and fat content were statistically evaluated. The effect of muscle status (raw, pre-canning, canned) on mercury content was also investigated.

Hyperinsulinemia: an early biomarker of metabolic dysfunction.

Introduction: Hyperinsulinemia in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance and normal HbA1c is considered indicative of pre-diabetes. Very few Indian studies have focused on hyperinsulinemia particularly in young adults. The present study aimed to determine whether hyperinsulinemia may be present despite HbA1c being normal.

Analytical Approaches in Official Food Safety Control: An LC-Orbitrap-HRMS Screening Method for the Multiresidue Determination of Antibiotics in Cow, Sheep, and Goat Milk.

The presence of unauthorized substances, such as residues of veterinary medicines or chemical contaminants, in food can represent a possible health concern. For this reason, a complete legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU), which defines the maximum limits allowed in food and carries out surveillance programs to control the presence of these substances. Official food control laboratories, in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, must respond to the challenge of improving and harmonizing the performance of the analytical methods used for the analysis of residues of authorized, unauthorized, or prohibited pharmacologically active substances.

SBI is uncommon in the absence of paediatricians' gut feeling and abnormal respiratory pattern.

Aim: According to the Italian national statistical institute, severe bacterial infections (SBI) in Italy are responsible for 1.7% of mortality under 5 years of age and their recognition is often challenging, especially in the first stages of the disease. We tried to estimate the prevalence of SBI in our target population and to identify signs and symptoms that could guide in the initial evaluation of a child with a possible SBI.

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Weight Loss in Asian Indian Adults with Obesity.

Background: Worldwide, obesity has nearly tripled since 1975 and has become a major healthcare challenge today. Intermittent fasting (IF) is gaining popularity as a weight loss strategy in recent times. This study aimed to study the role of IF as a modern-day weight-loss strategy in obese adults through a real-world pilot experiment conducted at a nutrition clinic in Mumbai.

Remission of Type 2 Diabetes: How, When, and for Whom?

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is conventionally considered a progressive disorder, with most patients requiring increasingly intensive therapy to control hyperglycemia over time. Recently, there has been a major paradigm shift towards trying to reverse T2DM. Emerging evidence suggests that remission of T2DM is feasible in a subset of patients.

Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of the P2X7 Receptor: Structure, Function and Disease Associations.

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated membrane ion channel that is expressed by multiple cell types. Following activation by extracellular ATP, the P2X7R mediates a broad range of cellular responses including cytokine and chemokine release, cell survival and differentiation, the activation of transcription factors, and apoptosis. The P2X7R is made up of three P2X7 subunits that contain specific domains essential for the receptor's varied functions.

Role and importance of high fiber in diabetes management in India.

Background & Aims: India is facing a triple burden of pre-diabetes, diabetes, and obesity. Unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity have been linked to the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite dietary recommendations, individuals consume inadequate amounts or unsuitable type of dietary fiber (DF) which needs correction.

'Old Is Gold': How Traditional Indian Dietary Practices Can Support Pediatric Diabetes Management.

Nutrition is crucial for maintaining normal growth, development, and glycemic control in young people with diabetes (PwD). Undue restrictions cause nutrient deficiencies as well as poor adherence to meal plans. Widespread availability of low-cost, ultra-processed, and hyperpalatable food is further damaging.

Clinical Profile of Long-Term Survivors and Nonsurvivors with Type 1 Diabetes in India.

To compare the clinical profile of long-term survivors and nonsurvivors with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in India. This is a retrospective study of 76 individuals with T1D who had survived for at least 40 years ("survivors") and 51 individuals with T1D who had died with shorter duration of diabetes ("non-survivors"), from diabetes clinics in different cities of India. Prevalence of complications in both groups and causes of death of the nonsurvivors were analyzed.

Electrochemical Determination of the "Furanic Index" in Honey.

5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde, better known as hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), is a well-known freshness parameter of honey: although mostly absent in fresh samples, its concentration tends to increase naturally with aging. However, high quantities of HMF are also found in fresh but adulterated samples or honey subjected to thermal or photochemical stresses. In addition, HMF deserves further consideration due to its potential toxic effects on human health.

Effect of Almond Consumption on Metabolic Risk Factors-Glucose Metabolism, Hyperinsulinemia, Selected Markers of Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adolescents and Young Adults.

A large percentage of the Indian population has diabetes or is at risk of pre-diabetes. Almond consumption has shown benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. This study explored the effect of almond consumption on determinants of metabolic dysfunction-blood glucose, lipids, insulin and selected inflammatory markers in adolescents and young adults aged 16-25 years from Mumbai city.

Long-term secondary cardiovascular prevention programme in patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery.

Aims: Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are at very high risk of recurrent events. A strategy to reduce excess risk might be to deliver structured secondary prevention programmes, but their efficacy has been mostly evaluated in the short term and in experimental settings. This is a retrospective case-control study aimed at assessing, in the real world, the efficacy of a secondary prevention programme in reducing long-term coronary event recurrences after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).

Medical nutrition therapy of pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus in India: Unique aspects and challenges.

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a vital aspect of management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and should be tailored to ethnic and family traditions and the socioeconomic and educational status of the patient. In this article, we discuss the unique aspects of MNT in children and adolescents with T1DM in the Indian setting, with focus on the challenges faced by patients, dieticians and physicians and how these can be overcome. The authors reviewed the available literature on MNT in T1DM from India and prepared the document based on their vast collective clinical experience in treating patients with T1DM from different regions in India.

Diffusion of large particles through small pores: From entropic to enthalpic transport.

We present a statistical model for solving and predicting the transport of large molecules through small flexible channels. The average radius of the channel and the average radius of the molecule are the only two quantities determining the steric part of the potential of mean force for the translocation, in the case of a small rigid particle and a large rigid channel: the barrier is completely entropic and is described by the Fick-Jacobs model. However, the flexibility of the channel's cross section and that of the molecule's size have a significant effect on transport, especially when a large molecule goes through a narrow channel.

Occurrence of Fipronil in residential house dust in the presence and absence of pets: a hint for a comprehensive toxicological assessment.

The presence of the insecticide Fipronil and its main products of toxicological relevance, namely Sulfone and Desulfinyl, was assessed in 161 residential house dust samples in the absence ( = 101) and presence ( = 60) of cats and dogs in Italy. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant difference ( < 0.001) in the dust contamination in the presence of pets (median: 467 vs.

Differences in Amino Acid Loss Between High-Efficiency Hemodialysis and Postdilution and Predilution Hemodiafiltration Using High Convection Volume Exchange-A New Metabolic Scenario? A Pilot Study.

Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify the loss of total amino acids (TAAs), nonessential amino acids, essential amino acids, and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) produced by high-efficiency hemodialysis (HEHD), postdilution hemodiafiltration (HDFpost), and predilution hemodiafiltration (HDFpre) using high ultrafiltration volumes; and to define the specific AA losses registered in HEHD, HDFpost, and HDFpre; to identify a potential metabolic and nutritional decline into protein energy wasting; to compare AA analysis of arterial blood samples taken from healthy controls and patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Design And Methods: Identical dialysis monitors, membranes, and dialysate/infusate were used to homogenize extracorporeal body influence. Ten patients were recruited and randomized to receive treatment with HEHD, HDFpost, and HDFpre it was used on-line dialytic water methodologies (OL); patients' AA arterial concentrations were measured at the start and on completion of dialysis; TAA from the dialyzer filter was calculated, and baseline levels were subsequently compared with findings obtained 1 year later.

Chemometric treatment of simple physical and chemical data for the discrimination of unifloral honeys.

In this work, nonspecific physico-chemical parameters were determined in 160 honey samples belonging to the four main botanical categories present in Sardinia Island, Italy (strawberry tree, thistle, asphodel and eucalyptus) in order to develop a discriminant method for determining the botanical origin of honey. All the possible combinations of the seven physico-chemical parameters (pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, color, total phenolic compounds, FRAP activity, and DPPH activity) measured in the honey samples were evaluated by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). LDA models led to the prediction of each botanical origin with a very low level of misclassification (typically less than 5%).

Sensing Single Molecule Penetration into Nanopores: Pushing the Time Resolution to the Diffusion Limit.

To quantify small molecule penetration into and eventually permeation through nanopores, we applied an improved excess-noise analysis of the ion current fluctuation caused by entering molecules. The kinetic parameters of substrate entry and exit are derived from a two-state Markov model, analyzing the substrate concentration dependence of the average ion current and its variance. Including filter corrections allows one to detect the transition rates beyond the cutoff frequency, f, of the instrumental ion-current filter.