Synergistic Assembly of 1DZnO and Anti-CYFRA 21-1: A Physicochemical Approach to Optical Biosensing.

We conducted a comprehensive physicochemical analysis of one-dimensional ZnO nanowires (1DZnO), incorporating anti-CYFRA 21-1 immobilization to promote fast optical biomarker detection up to 10 ng ml. This study highlights the effectiveness of proof-of-concept 1DZnO nanoplatforms for rapid cancer biomarker detection by examining the nanoscale integration of 1DZnO with these bioreceptors to deliver reliable photoluminescent output signals. The urgent need for swift and accurate prognoses in healthcare settings drives the rise of sensitive biosensing nanoplatforms for cancer detection, which has benefited from biomarker identification.

Outcomes of older adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide based prophylaxis.

This study evaluates the feasibility of using post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) prophylaxis in allo-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for adults aged 65 and older. PTCY is increasingly used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) across all donor types, but concerns remain about potential risks, especially in older patients. Fifty-seven adults aged 65 or older with hematological malignancies, undergoing their first allo-HCT with PTCY prophylaxis between January 2011 and January 2023 were included.

Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratios are associated with worse prognosis in a cohort of Latin American patients with cirrhosis.

Background: Some evidence suggests an association between gut dysbiosis and cirrhosis progression. The authors investigated Gut Microbiome (GM) influence on 90-day mortality and hospitalization/rehospitalization rates in cirrhotic patients.

Methods: Compensated/decompensated outpatients and decompensated inpatients were prospectively included and compared to healthy controls.

The sympathetic nervous system response to a Continuous Performance Task.

A Continuous Performance Task is an example of a mental stressor which requires vigilance, attention, and effort. We hypothesized that a sympathetic nervous system response would be evident from a resting baseline period to this attention test, and explored if physiological measures were correlated to state and trait anxiety, perceived stress, mindfulness, and performance on the task. In 20 undergraduates, blood pressure and skin conductance increased due to the attention test but heart rate variability did not change.

Structure of the E. coli nucleoid-associated protein YejK reveals a novel DNA binding clamp.

Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) play central roles in bacterial chromosome organization and DNA processes. The Escherichia coli YejK protein is a highly abundant, yet poorly understood NAP. YejK proteins are conserved among Gram-negative bacteria but show no homology to any previously characterized DNA-binding protein.

The stress history of soil bacteria under organic farming enhances the growth of wheat seedlings.

The effects of stress factors associated with climate change and agricultural management practices on microorganisms are often studied separately, and it remains to be determined how these factors impact the soil microbiome and, subsequently, plant growth characteristics. The aim of this study was to understand how the historical climate and agriculture to which soil microbes have been exposed can influence the growth characteristics of wheat seedlings and their associated bacterial communities. We collected soil from organic and conventional fields with different histories of climate conditions to extract microbes to inoculate wheat seeds under agar-based cultivation conditions.

Repetitive sulfur dioxide exposure in mice models post-deployment respiratory syndrome.

Soldiers deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than nondeployed military personnel and some have been shown to have a constellation of findings on lung biopsy termed post-deployment respiratory syndrome (PDRS). Since many of the subjects in this cohort reported exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO), we developed a model of repetitive exposure to SO in mice that phenocopies many aspects of PDRS, including adaptive immune activation, airway wall remodeling, and pulmonary vascular (PV) disease. Although abnormalities in small airways were not sufficient to alter lung mechanics, PV remodeling resulted in the development of pulmonary hypertension and reduced exercise tolerance in SO-exposed mice.

Structure of the WYL-domain containing transcription activator, DriD, in complex with ssDNA effector and DNA target site.

Transcription regulators play central roles in orchestrating responses to changing environmental conditions. Recently the Caulobacter crescentus transcription activator DriD, which belongs to the newly defined WYL-domain family, was shown to regulate DNA damage responses independent of the canonical SOS pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DriD and other WYL-regulators sense environmental signals and recognize DNA are not well understood.

M. mazei glutamine synthetase and glutamine synthetase-GlnK1 structures reveal enzyme regulation by oligomer modulation.

Glutamine synthetases (GS) play central roles in cellular nitrogen assimilation. Although GS active-site formation requires the oligomerization of just two GS subunits, all GS form large, multi-oligomeric machines. Here we describe a structural dissection of the archaeal Methanosarcina mazei (Mm) GS and its regulation.

Structures of the DarR transcription regulator reveal unique modes of second messenger and DNA binding.

The mycobacterial repressor, DarR, a TetR family regulator (TFR), was the first transcription regulator shown to bind c-di-AMP. However, the molecular basis for this interaction and the mechanism involved in DNA binding by DarR remain unknown. Here we describe DarR-c-di-AMP and DarR-DNA structures and complementary biochemical assays.

Leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus input to the circadian feeding network.

Salient cues, such as the rising sun or availability of food, entrain biological clocks for behavioral adaptation. The mechanisms underlying entrainment to food availability remain elusive. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing during scheduled feeding, we identified a dorsomedial hypothalamus leptin receptor-expressing (DMH) neuron population that up-regulates circadian entrainment genes and exhibits calcium activity before an anticipated meal.

Minimally Invasive Posterolateral Transcavernous Transtentorial Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Indications Corridor And Exposure: MIPLATTA uses a "key-exposure" concept aligning a small minipterional craniotomy with variations of extradural transcavernous transtentorial corridors to access the skull base.

Anatomic Essentials For Preoperative Planning: Safety and efficiency depend on mastery of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) and cavernous sinus (CS). Preoperative planning includes assessment of ACP pneumatization; tumor epicenter relative to the CS, ACP, and tentorium; and pattern of venous drainage (role of vein of Labbé).

Repetitive Sulfur Dioxide Exposure in Mice Models Post-Deployment Respiratory Syndrome.

Soldiers deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than non-deployed military personnel and some have been shown to have a constellation of findings on lung biopsy termed post-deployment respiratory syndrome (PDRS). Since many of the deployers in this cohort reported exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO ), we developed a model of repetitive exposure to SO in mice that phenocopies many aspects of PDRS, including adaptive immune activation, airway wall remodeling, and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). Although abnormalities in small airways were not sufficient to alter lung mechanics, PVD was associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension and reduced exercise tolerance in SO exposed mice.

Edoxaban Versus Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Objective: During the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, management of anticoagulation therapy in hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was simplified to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) followed by oral anticoagulation, mainly owing to the risk of drug-drug interactions. However, not all oral anticoagulants carry the same risk.

Methods: Observational, retrospective, and multicenter study that consecutively included hospitalized patients with AF anticoagulated with LMWH followed by oral anticoagulation or edoxaban concomitantly with empirical COVID-19 therapy.

Latin American Initiative for Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline (LatAm-FINGERS): Study design and harmonization.

Introduction: Latin American Initiative for Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline (LatAm-FINGERS) is the first non-pharmacological multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) to prevent cognitive impairment in Latin America (LA). Our aim is to present the study design and discuss the strategies used for multicultural harmonization.

Methods: This 1-year RCT (working on a 1-year extension) investigates the feasibility of a multi-domain lifestyle intervention in LA and the efficacy of the intervention, primarily on cognitive function.

How are rheumatologists from Argentina managing patients with arthralgias suspicious for progressing to rheumatoid arthritis?

Patients with arthralgias who could be at risk of progressing to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent a clinical challenge. Recommendations for their management and treatment are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to determine how Argentinean rheumatologists deal with these patients.

Mechanism of imidazole inhibition of a GH1 β-glucosidase.

Imidazole is largely employed in recombinant protein purification, including GH1 β-glucosidases, but its effect on the enzyme activity is rarely taken into consideration. Computational docking suggested that imidazole interacts with residues forming the active site of the GH1 β-glucosidase from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sfβgly). We confirmed this interaction by showing that imidazole reduces the activity of Sfβgly, which does not result from enzyme covalent modification or promotion of transglycosylation reactions.

A leptin-responsive hypothalamic circuit inputs to the circadian feeding network.

Salient cues, such as the rising sun or the availability of food, play a crucial role in entraining biological clocks, allowing for effective behavioral adaptation and ultimately, survival. While the light-dependent entrainment of the central circadian pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN) is relatively well defined, the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying entrainment associated with food availability remains elusive. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing during scheduled feeding (SF), we identified a leptin receptor (LepR) expressing neuron population in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) that upregulates circadian entrainment genes and exhibits rhythmic calcium activity prior to an anticipated meal.

Structure of the T. brucei kinetoplastid RNA editing substrate-binding complex core component, RESC5.

Kinetoplastid protists such as Trypanosoma brucei undergo an unusual process of mitochondrial uridine (U) insertion and deletion editing termed kinetoplastid RNA editing (kRNA editing). This extensive form of editing, which is mediated by guide RNAs (gRNAs), can involve the insertion of hundreds of Us and deletion of tens of Us to form a functional mitochondrial mRNA transcript. kRNA editing is catalyzed by the 20 S editosome/RECC.

A cold wave of winter 2021 in central South America: characteristics and impacts.

Unlabelled: During the austral winter (June-August) of 2021, the meteorological services of Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Chile all issued forecasts for unusually cold conditions. Record-low minimum temperatures and cold spells were documented, including one strong cold wave episode that affected 5 countries. In this study, we define a  as a period in which daily maximum and minimum air temperatures are below the corresponding climatological 10th percentile for three or more consecutive days.

Allosteric regulation of glycogen breakdown by the second messenger cyclic di-GMP.

Streptomyces are our principal source of antibiotics, which they generate concomitant with a complex developmental transition from vegetative hyphae to spores. c-di-GMP acts as a linchpin in this transition by binding and regulating the key developmental regulators, BldD and WhiG. Here we show that c-di-GMP also binds the glycogen-debranching-enzyme, GlgX, uncovering a direct link between c-di-GMP and glycogen metabolism in bacteria.

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab.

Molecular Analysis of pSK1 par: A Novel Plasmid Partitioning System Encoded by Staphylococcal Multiresistance Plasmids.

The segregation of prokaryotic plasmids typically requires a centromere-like site and two proteins, a centromere-binding protein (CBP) and an NTPase. By contrast, a single 245 residue Par protein mediates partition of the prototypical staphylococcal multiresistance plasmid pSK1 in the absence of an identifiable NTPase component. To gain insight into centromere binding by pSK1 Par and its segregation function we performed structural, biochemical and in vivo studies.

Molecular landscapes of human hippocampal immature neurons across lifespan.

Immature dentate granule cells (imGCs) arising from adult hippocampal neurogenesis contribute to plasticity and unique brain functions in rodents and are dysregulated in multiple human neurological disorders. Little is known about the molecular characteristics of adult human hippocampal imGCs, and even their existence is under debate. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing aided by a validated machine learning-based analytic approach to identify imGCs and quantify their abundance in the human hippocampus at different stages across the lifespan.