Preventing Readmissions for Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a strong predictor of hospital readmissions in patients with advanced liver disease. The frequent recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy and subsequent readmissions may lead to nonreversible organ dysfunction, resulting in a significant decrease of patient quality of life and increase of health care burden costs for patients and facilities. Many of these readmissions for hepatic encephalopathy are preventable.

Transplant Radical Nephrectomy and Transplant Radical Nephroureterectomy for Renal Cancer: Postoperative and Survival Outcomes.

BACKGROUND The treatment of complex tumors in non-functioning renal transplants requiring surgical extirpation is challenging. Here, we report the largest series of patients who underwent transplant radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transplant radical nephroureterectomy for urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in their transplanted kidneys. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2004 to 2018, 10 patients underwent transplant radical nephrectomy (7 patients) and nephroureterectomy (3 patients).

Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Clarity of Water Versus Saline Irrigant in Ureteroscopy.

Background: Water irrigant is discouraged in ureteroscopy due to risks demonstrated in more invasive endoscopic procedures. However, water is not well studied in ureteroscopy and may provide better visualization than standard saline.

Objective: To determine whether water irrigant increases the risk of hyponatremia compared with saline and provides better visualization in ureteroscopy.

Cognitive Impairment and Overall Survival in Frail Surgical Patients.

Background: The definition of frailty, as modeled by the Fried criteria, has been limited primarily to the physical domain. The purpose of this study was to assess the additive value of cognitive function with existing frailty criteria to predict poor postoperative outcomes in a large multidisciplinary cohort of patients undergoing major operations.

Study Design: A 4-level composite frailty scoring system was created via the combination of the Fried frailty score and the Emory Clock Draw Test to assess preoperative frailty and cognitive impairment, respectively.