Association between serum uric acid levels and left ventricular hypertrophy based on electrocardiographic findings: a sex-specific analysis across cardiometabolic diseases.

The association between serum uric acid (UA) levels and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this association using electrocardiographic findings. Health examination data from Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital included 79,200 participants without cardiovascular diseases.

Synergistic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Preconditioning and Valproic Acid on Hepatic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Introduction: Ex vivo preconditioning increases the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antioxidant activity, growth factor production, homing, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Therefore, it is considered an effective strategy to be used before transplantation and therapeutic application of MSCs. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), valproic acid (VPA), has been reported to induce hepatic differentiation in MSCs.

Goondicones A-H: Spiro-Isoindolinone Heartworm Anthelmintics from an Australian Pasture-Soil-Derived sp.

Background/objectives: There is an urgent need for new and improved anthelmintics that are not constrained by existing resistance pathways and that can safeguard the health and welfare of animals.

Methods: An integrated platform of chemical, bioassay, and cultivation profiling applied to a library of microbes isolated from Australian livestock pasture soil was used to detect and guide the production, isolation, characterization, identification, and evaluation of new natural products with anthelmintic properties.

Results: A global natural products social (GNPS) molecular network analysis of 110 Australian pasture-soil-derived microbial extracts prioritized for antiparasitic activity identified unique molecular families in the extract of sp.

Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: An Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) Clinical Practice Guideline.

(1) Background: To make recommendations on the most effective therapy options for Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (DCIS) patients; (2) Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO databases, and main relevant guideline websites were searched. Draft versions of the guideline went through formal internal and external reviews, with a final approval by the Program in Evidence Based Care and the DCIS Expert Panel. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was followed; (3) Results: Based on the current evidence from the systematic review and this guideline authors' clinical opinions, initial draft recommendations were developed to improve the management of patients with DCIS.

Enhancing lung transplantation with ECMO: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, outcomes, and future considerations.

Background: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a critical intervention for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, challenges such as donor organ scarcity and post-transplant complications significantly affect its success. Recent advancements in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) have shown promise in improving the outcomes and expanding eligibility for LTx.

Selenoproteome depletion enhances oxidative stress and alters neutrophil functions in Citrobacter rodentium infection leading to gastrointestinal inflammation.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in modulating a range of proinflammatory functions in neutrophils, as well as regulating neutrophil apoptosis and facilitating the resolution of an inflammatory response. Selenoproteins with the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), regulate immune mechanisms through the modulation of redox homeostasis aiding in the efficient resolution of inflammation, while their role in neutrophil functions during diseases remains unclear. To study the role of selenoproteins in neutrophils during infection, we challenged the granulocyte-specific tRNA (Trsp) knockout mice (Trsp) with Citrobacter rodentium (C.

Goondomycins A-H: Carbocyclic -Polyketides from an Australian Pasture with Selective Activity against .

A bioassay-guided chemical investigation of an Australian pasture-soil-derived sp. yielded the rare carbocyclic -polyketide kendomycin () along with a series of new analogues, goondomycins A-H (-), featuring unprecedented carbo/heterocyclic scaffolds and chromophores, with structures assigned by detailed spectroscopic analysis, chemical and biochemical transformations, and biosynthetic considerations. Goondomycins B () and F () are noteworthy in being potent motility inhibitors of heartworm microfilaria (EC 0.

Goondolinones A and B: Terpenyl-quinolin-4(1)-ones from an Australian Volcanic Crater Soil-Derived sp., with Selective Activity against (Heartworm).

A chemical investigation of the Australian pasture soil-derived sp. S4S-00245B09, supported by chemical, bioactivity and cultivation profiling, yielded a new class of terpenyl-quinolin-4(1)-ones, goondolinones A and B ( and ), featuring an unprecedented fused seven-membered ether. Structures were assigned to and on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including X-ray analysis of , and biosynthetic considerations.

Therapeutic efficacy of chitosan-based hybrid nanomaterials to treat microbial biofilms and their infections - A review.

Antimicrobial resistance, the biggest issue facing the global healthcare sector, quickly emerged and spread due to the frequent use of antibiotics in regular treatments. The investigation of polymer-based nanomaterials as possible antibiofilm treatment agents is prompted by the growing ineffectiveness of conventional therapeutic techniques against these resistant bacteria species. So far, several articles have been published on microbial biofilm eradication using various polymer-based nanomaterials due to their therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility nature.

The impact of ethnicity and its definition on diabetes prevalence: A national Australian whole-of-population study.

Aims: We assessed the extent to which using large geographic regions to group ethnicities (ancestries or countries-of-birth) masked intra-regional variation in diabetes risk.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 Australian National Census, which included self-reported health data. Ethnicity-specific diabetes prevalence was age/sex-standardised to a reference population of all census respondents 20 years and above.

Trends in the incidence of young-adult-onset diabetes by diabetes type: a multi-national population-based study from an international diabetes consortium.

Background: Population-based incidence data on young-adult-onset type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are limited. We aimed to examine secular trends in the incidence of diagnosed type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes with an age of onset between 15 and 39 years.

Methods: In this multicountry aggregate data analysis, we assembled eight administrative datasets from high-income jurisdictions and countries (Australia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Japan, Scotland, South Korea, and Spain [Catalonia]) that had appropriate data available from an international diabetes consortium (GLOBODIAB) describing incidence by diabetes type among people aged 15-39 years from 2000 to 2020.

Pullenvalenes E-H: Triterpenyl-Aminoglycosides from an Australian Soil-Derived Fungus, sp.

Chemical profiling of soil-derived microbes collected under the auspices of the Australian citizen science initiative Soils for Science detected two fungi, sp. S4S-07771A07 and sp. S4S-14879B01, capable of producing pullenvalenes, a rare class of triterpene glycoside.

Case Series: EGFR and ROS-1 Co-Occurrence in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular alterations. Two of the most common genetic abnormalities found in advanced NSCLC are mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor () and rearrangements in the ROS proto-oncogene 1 (). Although these two alterations are typically mutually exclusive, there have been reports of their co-occurrence in a small subset of NSCLC patients.

Mycobacteroides abscessus outbreak and mitigation in a cardiothoracic transplant population: the problem with tap water.

Background: Hospital outbreaks caused by Mycobacteroides abscessus complex are a major cause for concern in vulnerable patients such as the cardiothoracic transplant population.

Aim: To describe the outbreak investigation and mitigation steps undertaken to address an increase in healthcare-associated M. abscessus complex cases in an inpatient cardiothoracic transplant population.

Total Synthesis of Talarolide A and -Talarolide A: Hydroxamate H-Bond Bridge Stabilization of Cyclic Peptide Conformers Invokes Non-Canonical Atropisomerism.

The first total synthesis of the Australian marine tunicate fungus-derived cyclic peptide talarolide A () has confirmed the structure previously proposed on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analyses and re-affirmed the importance of the unique hydroxamate H-bond bridge in ring conformer stabilization. The unexpected co-synthesis of -talarolide A () revealed, for the first time, that hydroxamate H-bond bridging in the talarolide framework invokes non-canonical atropisomerism and that talarolides A (), C (), and D () all exist naturally as atropisomers. These discoveries raise the intriguing prospect that comparable functionalisation of other cyclic peptides, including those with commercial value, could provide ready access to new "unnatural atropisomeric" chemical space, with new and/or improved chemical and biological properties.

Goondapyrones A-J: Polyketide α and γ Pyrone Anthelmintics from an Australian Soil-Derived sp.

An investigation of ×19 soil samples collected under the auspices of the Australian citizen science initiative, Soils for Science, returned ×559 chemically dereplicated microbial isolates, of which ×54 exhibited noteworthy anthelmintic activity against either the heartworm microfilaria and/or the gastrointestinal parasite L1-L3 larvae. Chemical (GNPS and UPLC-DAD) and cultivation (MATRIX) profiling prompted a detailed chemical investigation of sp. S4S-00196A10, which yielded new anthelmintic polyketide goondapyrones A-J (-), together with the known actinopyrones A () and C ().

Efficacy and Tolerability of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients Aged ≥ 65 Years With Daily or Nondaily Migraine.

Background And Objectives: Despite decreasing prevalence of migraine with advancing age, there remains a significant proportion of individuals aged ≥65 years with migraine. Treatment of this population is difficult and they are often excluded from clinical trials, limiting evidence regarding migraine treatment outcomes. Our objective is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies (erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab) in patients ≥65 years (O65) compared with patients <65 (U65) with daily or nondaily migraine.

Changes in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Australia, 2005-2019, overall and by socio-demographic characteristics: a population-based study.

Objectives: To estimate changes in the incidence of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Australia, overall and by age, sex, socio-economic disadvantage, geographic remoteness, and country of birth.

Study Design: Population-based study; analysis of National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) data (age-period-cohort models).

Setting, Participants: Data were extracted for incident cases of type 2 diabetes, 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2019, in residents of the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria aged 20 years or older registered with the NDSS.

Detection of sedentary time and bouts using consumer-grade wrist-worn devices: a hidden semi-Markov model.

Background: Wrist-worn data from commercially available devices has potential to characterize sedentary time for research and for clinical and public health applications. We propose a model that utilizes heart rate in addition to step count data to estimate the proportion of time spent being sedentary and the usual length of sedentary bouts.

Methods: We developed and trained two Hidden semi-Markov models, STEPHEN (STEP and Heart ENcoder) and STEPCODE (STEP enCODEr; a steps-only based model) using consumer-grade Fitbit device data from participants under free living conditions, and validated model performance using two external datasets.