Isolated Intraocular Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction Following Treatment for Syphilitic Chorioretinitis.

A 39-year-old male patient presented with grossly reduced vision in the left eye for the past three months. Fundus evaluation revealed multiple discrete grayish-white deep chorioretinal lesions in the macular area. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan in the affected area was normal.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings Associated With Accelerated Hypertension.

Introduction Accelerated hypertension, that is a systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure greater than 120 mmHg is often accompanied by fundoscopic signs with the potential of systemic and visual morbidity. We report on the clinical and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in a cohort of hypertensive patients with accelerated hypertension. Methods Patients, presenting to the emergency room/intensive care unit, who met the clinical definition of accelerated hypertension (a blood pressure >180/120 mmHg,), were triaged to the intensive care unit.

Orbital Apex Syndrome Due to Aspergillus flavus Infection in Immunocompetent Patients: A Report of Two Cases.

species are fungi that are commonly found in soil and decaying vegetation and have the potential to cause an orbital apex syndrome that is marked by ophthalmoplegia or vision loss. We report the clinical and investigational findings and outcomes of two patients with orbital apex syndrome. The first patient was a 26-year-old female, premorbidly healthy, who presented with a gradually increasing proptosis of the left eye with a reduction in vision.

Endogenous Intraocular Aspergillus Infection Associated With Systemic Vasculitis.

We report the systemic, ocular, and investigational findings of a 51-year-old male patient with large-vessel vasculitis and presumed ocular infection. He presented with persistent fever with left-sided weakness of the upper and lower limb for the past 15 days accompanied by profound visual loss in the left eye. A neurological examination revealed a left-sided ataxic hemiparesis with a significant reduction of power in both upper and lower limbs with dysarthria.

Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Diagnosis and Monitoring of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Choroidopathy.

A 55-year-old female presented with bilateral lower limb swelling and facial swelling along with a decreased frequency of micturition. Baseline investigations revealed an elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Subsequent investigations revealed a positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) +++ (titer 1:10,000, serum immunofluorescence method) and positive anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) testing.

Fundus findings in patients admitted with post COVID-19 sepsis in an intensive care unit.

Purpose: COVID-19 infection is being increasingly identified as a risk factor for the development of ocular infections, especially endogenous endophthalmitis. Current studies primarily report cases among survivors, and the overall prevalence, especially amongst patients admitted with active sepsis is unknown. We report on the fundus and systemic findings of inpatients who were being treated for post-COVID-19 systemic secondary infections in a tertiary intensive care unit.

Retinal Vasculitis in a Patient With Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Following COVID-19 Infection: Correlation or Coincidence?

We report the systemic and ophthalmic findings in a female patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who subsequently developed retinal vasculitis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection. The patient was a known case of MCTD maintained in remission on immunosuppressive treatment. She subsequently developed retinal vasculitis with areas of capillary non-perfusion in the right eye.

Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

A 61-year-old male presented with visual loss in the left eye. A CT scan of the chest revealed multiple lung cavities in both lungs. He had a positive C-ANCA suggestive of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in miliary tuberculosis.

A 14-year-old female was admitted with a history of high-grade fever. On admission, she underwent a comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed multiple, tiny, nodular opacities in a ground-glass pattern bilaterally.

Fundus Lesions in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection in Mumbai, India: A Retrospective Review.

Background and objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection that has grown to be a global pandemic, and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ocular involvement in COVID-19, both in the anterior and posterior segments, is increasingly being recognized by ophthalmologists. We report the fundus photographic and systemic findings in 25 patients without recent-onset visual symptoms who were hospitalized with COVID-19.

Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Associated With COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection, which, during the course of the treatment, developed rhino-orbital mucormycosis. A 60- year-old male patient, a longstanding diabetic, with a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was admitted for treatment.

Ocular tuberculosis: Where are we today?

Diagnosis and management of ocular tuberculosis (OTB) poses a significant challenge. Mixed ocular tissue involvement and lack of agreement on best practice diagnostic tests together with the global variations in therapeutic management contributed to the existing uncertainties regarding the outcome of the disease. The current review aims to update recent progress on OTB.

Ocular Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Individuals.

To review the current literature and publications to assess the clinical features, recommended investigations and treatment for ocular tuberculosis in HIV infected patients. Literature review. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic affects as many as 37.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Consensus (CON) Group Meeting Proceedings.

An international, expert led consensus initiative was set up by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) group to develop systematic, evidence, and experience-based recommendations for the treatment of ocular TB using a modified Delphi technique process. In the first round of Delphi, the group identified clinical scenarios pertinent to ocular TB based on five clinical phenotypes (anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, choroiditis, retinal vasculitis, and panuveitis). Using an interactive online questionnaires, guided by background knowledge from published literature, 486 consensus statements for initiating ATT were generated and deliberated amongst 81 global uveitis experts.

Standardization of Nomenclature for Ocular Tuberculosis - Results of Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Workshop.

: To standardize a nomenclature system for defining clinical phenotypes, and outcome measures for reporting clinical and research data in patients with ocular tuberculosis (OTB).: Uveitis experts initially administered and further deliberated the survey in an open meeting to determine and propose the preferred nomenclature for terms related to the OTB, terms describing the clinical phenotypes and treatment and reporting outcomes.: The group of experts reached a consensus on terming uveitis attributable to tuberculosis (TB) as tubercular uveitis.

Patterns of Ethambutol Ocular Toxicity in Extended Use Therapy.

We report the clinical and perimetric findings of three patients with ethambutol toxicity with an extended use regimen. In this observational case series, we extracted data from case records that included age, sex, complaints, details of the current disease, anti-tubercular therapy, ocular findings, and perimetric findings. We identified three patients, two female and one male with ages ranging from 16 to 65 years (mean: 37 years).

Ocular Inflammatory Disease as a Predictor for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Disseminated Tuberculosis.

Aim: To ascertain whether the presence of ocular inflammatory disease is a predictor for death in patients hospitalized with disseminated tuberculosis.

Methods: This is an IRB-approved retrospective study of patients admitted with a diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis within a seven-year period (2002-2009). The following data was collected from each record: age, sex, details of previous surgeries or therapy, the findings of anterior segment examination, the findings of dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy, systemic findings, investigations done, treatment rendered, and final status (died or discharged).

Linezolid-Associated Optic Neuropathy in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Mumbai, India.

Background: Patients on linezolid-containing drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) regimen often develop adverse-events, particularly peripheral and optic neuropathy. Programmatic data and experiences of linezolid-associated optic neuropathy from high DR-TB burden settings are lacking. The study aimed to determine the frequency of and risk-factors associated with linezolid-associated optic neuropathy and document the experiences related to treatment/care of DR-TB patients on linezolid-containing regimens.

Observed Patterns of Systemic Disease on PET/CT Scan in Patients with Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis: Findings and Hypotheses.

Purpose: To report the clinical, investigational and PET/CT scan findings of patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis and suggest a hypotheses for the pathogenesis.

Methods: Retrospective case review. Included were 10 males and 17 females with an age range: 23-71 years.

Clinical utility of 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT scans in patients with suspect ocular tuberculosis.

Systemic imaging of patients with suspect ocular tuberculosis include chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans. Reports have suggested a role for 18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) scans. We report on the clinical utility of 18 FDG PET/CT in two patients.

Ocular inflammatory disease and ocular tuberculosis in a cohort of patients co-infected with HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence and the patterns of ocular inflammatory disease and ocular tuberculosis (TB) are largely undocumented among Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: Lilavati Hospital and Research Center and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) organized a cross-sectional ophthalmological evaluation of HIV/MDR-TB co-infected patients followed in an MSF-run HIV-clinic in Mumbai, India, which included measuring visual acuity, and slit lamp and dilated fundus examinations.

Results: Between February and April 2012, 47 HIV/MDR-TB co-infected patients (including three patients with extensively drug-resistant TB) were evaluated.

Patterns of systemic uptake of 18-FDG with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) studies in patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis.

Aim: To report the patterns and sites of 18-FDG uptake in patients of presumed ocular tuberculosis.

Materials And Methods: The clinical and investigational findings of 11 patients were reviewed retrospectively. These included 6 males and 5 females with a mean age of 46.

Healing patterns of choroidal tubercles after antitubercular therapy : A photographic and OCT study.

A 28-year-old female patient with disseminated tuberculosis and choroidal tubercles on a regimen of systemic antitubercular therapy underwent fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This was carried out monthly until complete healing of the tubercle was seen. The tubercle consisted of a central white-yellow core, consistent with choroiditis, with a faint hyperpigmentation surrounding it.