miRNA expression in PCOS: unveiling a paradigm shift toward biomarker discovery.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects a substantial percentage of women, estimated at around 9-21%. This condition can lead to anovulatory infertility in women of childbearing age and is often accompanied by various metabolic disturbances, including hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels. The development of PCOS is influenced by a combination of epigenetic alterations, genetic mutations, and changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs).

Association of eNOS (G894T, rs1799983) and KCNJ11 (E23K, rs5219) gene polymorphism with coronary artery disease in North Indian population.

Background: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11) could be the candidate genes for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigated the relationship of the eNOS (rs1799983) and KCNJ11 (rs5219) polymorphisms with the presence and severity of CAD in the North Indian population.

Methods: This study included 300 subjects, 150 CAD cases and 150 healthy controls.

Implication of single nucleotide polymorphisms in gene ( and ) with severity of COVID-19.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic which has emerged as a new challenge for the medical sciences. Severity of COVID-19 is mostly determined with overexpressed proinflammatory cytokines eventually leading to endothelial dysfunction causing vital organ injury, especially in the lungs. It has been postulated that various genetic mutations might be associated with an increased risk of disease severity in COVID-19.

Detection of human papillomavirus high-risk genotypes in rural women of Lucknow, North India.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been widely implicated in cervical carcinogenesis and 90% of carcinoma cervix cases are due to high-risk HPV infection. This study was done to find the high-risk HPV genotypes in the rural women of Lucknow, North India.

Materials And Methods: HPV-DNA testing has been carried out in 130 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of the cervix to find HPV status and type of high-risk HPV genotype infecting the rural women.

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) genes polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Genetic factors in combination with environmental factors play a critical role in the development type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is growing as an epidemic globally. In present study we aim to assess the association of eNOS (G894T, rs1799983) and NET (G1287A, rs5569) genes polymorphism with T2DM. A case-control study including a total of 400 North Indian subjects (200 T2DM cases and 200 controls) was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach to analyze genetic polymorphism.

Low Expression of MicroRNA335-5p Is Associated with Malignant Behavior of Gallbladder Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes during cancer progression, identified to be involved in tumorgenesis of several cancers including cancers of digestive system. However its role in gallbladder inflammatory disease (GID) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not been well documented. The present study was aimed to investigate the clinical significance of hsa-miRNA-335-5p (miR-335) in GBC and GID.

Association of COL4A1 (rs605143, rs565470) and CD14 (rs2569190) genes polymorphism with coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and it is basically caused by atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic process includes complex events and each one involves a specific biological pathway and different genes. According to World Health Organization report, Cardiovascular diseases will be the largest cause of death and disability by 2020, with an estimated 2.

Mutation in the beta3 subunit of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (GNB3) gene is not associated with Type II diabetes mellitus risk: a case-control study of a North Indian population.

Context: Genetics play a major role in development and pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: To asses the association of Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (GNB3) (C825T) gene's polymorphism with T2DM.

Materials And Methods: A case-control study including 400 North Indians was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach to analyze genetic polymorphism.

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme, genes polymorphism with senile cataract.

Background: Senile cataract is the most common type of cataract characterized by gradual progressive thickening of the lens of the eye. Previously, many studies investigated the association between genetic polymorphism and senile cataract. Angiotensin-converting enzyme () I/D polymorphism is the potential risk factor for many eye-related diseases such as retinopathy and glaucoma.

The relationship between Multidrug Resistance Protein 1(rs1045642) and Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (rs754203) genes polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The involvement of genetic factors like gene polymorphisms has been found to contribute significantly to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms in various genes have been found to be associated with risk of T2DM. The present study was aimed to investigate association of Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) (rs1045642) and CYP46A1 (rs754203) genes polymorphism with T2DM.

Polymorphism of CYP46A1 and PPARγ2 Genes in Risk Prediction of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Among North Indian Population.

Purpose: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and the second most common cause of all blindness after cataracts. This study investigates the association of polymorphism in the CYP46A1 and PPARγ2 genes and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials And Methods: This study evaluated 122 POAG cases (POAG group) and 112 cases of nonglaucomatous patients (control group).

Role of human papilloma virus in oral leukoplakia.

Background: Controversy surrounds regarding the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral precancerous and cancerous lesions in India where smokeless, tobacco consumption is rampant.

Aims: The present study was carried out with an aim to investigate the presence and type of HPV infection in oropharyngeal leukoplakia and to determine the association of HPV positivity with various patient and lesion characteristics.

Settings And Design: Prospective case series.

Role of GNB3, NET, KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and GRL genes single nucleotide polymorphism in the risk prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a polygenic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia occurring as a result of impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. Various environmental and genetic factors interact and increase the risk of T2DM and its complications. Among the various genetic factors associated with T2DM, single nucleotide polymorphism in different candidate genes have been studied intensively and the resulting genetic variants have been found to have either positive or negative association with T2DM thereby increasing or decreasing the risk of T2DM, respectively.

Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Polymorphisms with Body Mass Index among Hypertensive North Indians.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI) in hypertensive North Indians.

Methods: This case-control study was carried out between May 2013 and November 2014 at the Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, India, and included 378 subjects divided into three groups. One group constituted 253 hypertensive individuals (sustained diastolic blood pressure of >90 mmHg and systolic blood pressure of >140 mmHg) who were subcategorised according to normal (<25 kg/m(2)) or high (≥25 kg/m(2)) BMI.

Telomere length variations in aging and age-related diseases.

Telomeres are gene sequences present at chromosomal ends and are responsible for maintaining genome integrity. Telomere length is maximum at birth and decreases progressively with advancing age and thus is considered as a biomarker of chronological aging. This age associated decrease in the length of telomere is linked to various ageing associated diseases like diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, cancer etc.

Polymorphism of FABP2 and PPARG2 genes in risk prediction of cataract among North Indian population.

Background: Cataract is the leading cause of bilateral blindness in India. It has been reported that cataract is responsible for 50-80% of the bilaterally blind in the country. Cataract formation is a natural part of the ageing process.

Association of genetic variants with diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challenge to the healthcare system resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It occurs as a result of interaction between both genetic and environmental factors in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Association of ACE, FABP2 and GST genes polymorphism with essential hypertension risk among a North Indian population.

Background: Hypertension has a multi-factorial background based on genetic and environmental interactive factors. ACE, FABP2 and GST genes have been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. However, the results have been inconsistent.

The role of vitamin e in human health and some diseases.

Vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble component in the cell antioxidant defence system and is exclusively obtained from the diet. It has numerous important roles within the body because of its antioxidant activity. Oxidation has been linked to numerous possible conditions and diseases, including cancer, ageing, arthritis and cataracts; vitamin E has been shown to be effective against these.

Polymorphism of GST and FTO Genes in Risk Prediction of Cataract among a North Indian Population.

Background: The present study was carried out to investigate the association of GST and FTO gene polymorphisms with cataract cases and controls.

Materials And Methods: The study included 131 cases and 126 controls. GST and FTO gene polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR-RFLP.

Association of genetic polymorphism of PPARγ-2, ACE, MTHFR, FABP-2 and FTO genes in risk prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-autoimmune, complex, heterogeneous and polygenic metabolic disease condition characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). India as said to be the diabetic capital of the world is likely to experience the largest increase in T2DM and a greater number of diabetic individuals in the world by the year 2030. Identification of specific genetic variations in a particular ethnic group has a critical role in understanding the risk of developing T2DM in a much efficient way in future.