The intersection of immigration policy impacts and COVID-19 for Latinx young adults.

For many Latinx young adults, COVID-19 has exposed exclusionary policies that heighten risk for contracting the virus and that leave them and their parents unprotected. This study has a dual purpose; first, to quantitatively examine immigration policy impacts of discrimination, isolation, threats to family, and vulnerability, and their association to economic consequences experienced by Latinx young adults in Central Texas during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, to qualitatively explore how policy impacts affected Latinx young adults during the pandemic, and the coping mechanisms they utilized to minimize these impacts.

Occupational Stress and Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers Serving Socially Vulnerable Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to analyze occupational and personal stressors, mental health indicators, perceived discrimination and help-seeking behaviors among healthcare workers and providers (HCWPs) serving socially vulnerable groups such as immigrants, refugees, farmworkers, homeless individuals, people living in poverty, and other disadvantaged populations in the United States (U.S.) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) and the integration of health into foreign policy: Towards a conceptual approach.

Since the end of the Cold War, health has gone from a peripheral concern in foreign policy negotiations to a prominent place on the global political agenda. While the rise of health onto the foreign policy agenda is by now old news, the driving forces behind its expansion into new political spheres remain understudied and undertheorized. This article builds on empirical findings from a four-country study of the integration of health into foreign policy, and proposes a conceptual approach to GHD to improve understanding of the conditions under which health is successfully positioned on the foreign policy agenda.

The Transformative Potential of Strategic Partnerships to Form a Health Equity Network of the Americas.

Health inequities across the Americas are avoidable and unjust yet continue to persist. Systemic social determinants of health, which could be addressed at the policy level, are root causes of many inequities and prevent marginalized individuals and at-risk populations from reaching optimal health and well-being. In this article, we describe our approach to promote health equity through the intersectoral partnerships that were forged, and strategies that were shared, during the convening entitled "Summit 2017: Health Equity in the Americas" and the resulting emergence of the Health Equity Network of the Americas (HENA).

Loss of job-related right to healthcare is associated with reduced quality and clinical outcomes of diabetic patients in Mexico.

Objectives: The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) provides a package of health, economic and social benefits to workers employed in private firms within the formal labour market and to their economic dependants. Affiliates have a right to these benefits only while they remain contracted, thus posing a risk for the continuity of healthcare. This study evaluates the association between the time (in days) without the right to healthcare due to job loss in the formal labour market and the quality of healthcare and clinical outcomes among IMSS affiliates with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Measuring health inequities in low and middle income countries for the development of observatories on inequities and social determinants of health.

Background: Almost seven years after the publication of the final report of the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), its third recommendation has not been attended to properly. Measuring health inequities (HI) within countries and globally, in order to develop and evaluate evidence-based policies and actions aimed at the social determinants of health (SDH), is still a pending task in most low and middle income countries (LMIC) in the Latin American region. In this paper we discuss methodological and conceptual issues to measure HI in LMIC and suggest a three-stage methodology for the creation of observatories on health inequities (OHI) and social determinants of health, based on the experience of the Brazilian Observatory on Health Inequities (BOHI) that has been successfully operating since 2010 at the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ).

SDH-NET: a South-North-South collaboration to build sustainable research capacities on social determinants of health in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: It is desirable that health researchers have the ability to conduct research on health equity and contribute to the development of their national health system and policymaking processes. However, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a limited capacity to conduct this type of research due to reasons mostly associated with the status of national (health) research systems. Building sustainable research capacity in LMICs through the triangulation of South-North-South (S-N-S) collaborative networks seems to be an effective way to maximize limited national resources to strengthen these capacities.

[A first analysis of research on social determinants of health in Mexico: 2005-2012].

Objective: To examine the research on social determinants of health (SDH) produced in Mexico during the period 2005-2012, based on the characterization of the national health research system and the scientific production on this topic.

Materials And Methods: Two-stage analyses: Review of Mexican documents and official sources on health research and systematic bibliographic review of the literature on SDH.

Results: Although SDH were mentioned in the Specific Action Plan for Health Research 2007-2012, they are not implemented in strategies and goals, as the emphasis is put mostly in infrastructure and administrative aspects of research.

Association between migration and physical activity of school-age children left behind in rural Mexico.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore in rural communities of Mexico, the association between physical activity (PA) in school-age children and exposure to migration.

Methods: We measured PA through a questionnaire validated in school-age children and used in Mexican National Surveys. Migration status was measured as the number of years a family member had been in the US, and the amount of remittances that family member had sent to their household in Mexico.

Exercise-referral scheme to promote physical activity among hypertensive patients: design of a cluster randomized trial in the Primary Health Care Units of Mexico's Social Security System.

Background: Although the benefits of physical activity (PA) on to prevent and manage non-communicable diseases are well known, strategies to help increase the levels of PA among different populations are limited. Exercise-referral schemes have emerged as one effective approach to promote PA; however, there is uncertainty about the feasibility and effectiveness of these schemes in settings outside high-income countries. This study will examine the effectiveness of a scheme to refer hypertensive patients identified in Primary Health Care facilities (PHCU) of the Mexican social security institution to a group PA program offered in the same institution.

[Accidental injuries in older adults: a challenge for the health systems].

Objective: To identify factors (sociodemographic, health, and social support) associated with the presence of accidental injuries in older adults living in deprived urban neighborhoods in four Mexican municipalities.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional survey carried out in 2004-2005, with a non-probabilistic, intentional sample of 799 male and female elderly living in deprived urban areas in four Mexican municipalities. For the statistical analysis, non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression models were used.

Well-being and family support among elderly rural Mexicans in the context of migration to the United States.

Objective: To explore perceptions of well-being, family support, and economic resources in relation to level of contact with migration to the U.S. among a sample of elderly males from rural Mexico.

[Gender violence and other factors associated with emotional distress in female users of public health services in Mexico].

Objective: To identify and describe the factors associated with emotional distress in a national sample of women users of public health services in Mexico, such a Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE).

Material And Methods: This research study was conducted using the database of the National Survey of Violence against Women that consisted of the responses of a total of 26 042 female users of health care services provided by the Mexican government health agencies. The Personal Health Scale (ESP per its initials in Spanish) was used to assess emotional distress.

[Violence scale and severity index: a methodological proposal for measuring violence by the partner in Mexican women].

Objective: To construct and validate a scale to assess violence by the male partner against women. An index of severity of the emotional and physical damage was also designed to assess the intensity of the violent actions against women.

Material And Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 26 042 women who participated as respondents in the National Survey on Violence against Women (ENVIM per its abbreviation in Spanish) conducted in Mexico during 2003.

["Damage, not age, is what makes a person old": ageing and health in rural males].

Objective: To analyze the social factors associated with the health status of elderly men, 60 years and older, who live in poverty in the rural areas of Mexico.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between February and October 2002, in a convenience sample of 392 elderly men residing in rural areas of the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Jalisco states. A validated questionnaire was applied to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, general wellbeing, health problems, food consumption, and some indicators of mental health, personal strength and social support.

Low birth weight in Mexico: new evidence from a multi-site postpartum hospital survey.

Objective: To identify factors related to cases of low birth weight among a sample of Mexican women.

Material And Methods: The present analysis utilizes data from a post partum survey of 565 women implemented in eight different social security hospitals in western Mexico during 2001. Women giving birth to low weight infants (2.

[A model for integrating mental health care resources in the rural population of Mexico].

Objective: The purpose of this project was to identify behaviors of health service utilization to solve mental health-related problems among rural inhabitants of Mexico. A model of pathways to mental health services was built. Based on this model, an integration-intervention model is proposed to help improve access to mental health services and their quality.

The prevalence of nervios and associated symptomatology among inhabitants of Mexican rural communities.

The purpose of the present contribution is to describe the prevalence of nervios through self-report, to identify psychological and somatic symptoms associated with nervios, and to report the comorbidity of nervios with mood and anxiety disorders among Mexican rural-origin adults. The data reported here were collected as part of a larger project, whose aims were to determine the prevalence of selected mental health problems, their sociocultural manifestation and interpretation, and the utilization of mental health services among the inhabitants of rural communities in Mexico. A multi-stage, stratified, random sample of two regions in Mexico was obtained.

Pathways to mental health services among inhabitants of a Mexican village.

The purpose of this article is to provide a description of the pathways to the utilization of mental health services among rural Mexicans in a village with a long-standing tradition of male labor migration to the United States. The authors developed a model of pathways to mental health service utilization on the basis of ethnographic field notes and in-depth interviews with 21 villagers who were "potential immigrants." The model describes five sequential help-seeking strategies that townspeople with mental health problems commonly follow to relieve the psychological and physical symptoms associated with their condition.

AIDS: risk behaviors among rural Mexican women married to migrant workers in the United States.

International migration between Mexico and the United States has been acknowledged as a phenomenon that may contribute to the spread of AIDS in rural Mexico. The purpose of this study is to identify the information held by the participants regarding AIDS and to describe selected high-risk behaviors for AIDS transmission among a representative sample of rural women living in Mexico who are married to immigrant temporary workers to the United States. The women who participated in the study were married, of reproductive age, and had active sex lives with their spouses.

[The psychometric characteristics of the Depression Scale of the Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos in adult Mexican women from rural areas].

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at describing the characteristics of the CES-D in a sample of 250 adult women, residents of rural areas in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Michoacán. Our factor analyses did not replicate the factor structure of the original scale, but adequately grouped the items according to their conceptual meaning. The CES-D was found to possess a high internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha .

[Migration and post-traumatic stress disorders: the case of Mexicans and Central Americans in the United States].

The process of international migration has been associated with increased levels of psychological disturbance and recently investigators have noted the experience of PTSD symptoms among recent war refugees from Southeast Asia. This study sought to first examine the overall impact of migration in a large sample of immigrants from Central America and Mexico in terms of symptoms related to depression, anxiety, somatization and generalized distress. A second aim of the study was to note the existence of specific symptoms related to PTSD diagnoses as related to self-reported reasons for migration.

Posttraumatic stress in immigrants from Central America and Mexico.

International migration has been associated with increased levels of psychological disturbance, particularly among refugees who have fled from war or political unrest. This study examined self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, generalized distress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community sample of 258 immigrants from Central America and Mexico and 329 native-born Mexican Americans and Anglo Americans. Immigrants were found to have higher levels of generalized distress than native-born Americans.