Photobiomodulation for the treatment of neuroinflammation: A systematic review of controlled laboratory animal studies.

Background: Neuroinflammation is a response that involves different cell lineages of the central nervous system, such as neurons and glial cells. Among the non-pharmacological interventions for neuroinflammation, photobiomodulation (PBM) is gaining prominence because of its beneficial effects found in experimental brain research. We systematically reviewed the effects of PBM on laboratory animal models, specially to investigate potential benefits of PBM as an efficient anti-inflammatory therapy.

Active Circulating Blood Volume During Hemodialysis: A Bench Model.

Intradialytic hypotension due to excessive fluid removal is a common complication of hemodialysis. A bench model was constructed to evaluate quantification of active circulating blood volume (ACBV). The model included a central pump representing the heart and compartments to represent the central and peripheral circulation.

Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System.

The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous system, devoted to drain away waste metabolic products and soluble proteins such as amyloid-beta. An impaired brain glymphatic system can increase the incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can serve as a non-invasive neuroprotective strategy for maintaining and optimizing effective brain waste clearance.

Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dementia: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies.

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red and/or near-infrared light from lasers or LEDs to improve a wide range of medical disorders. Transcranial PBM, sometimes accompanied by intranasal PBM, has been tested to improve many brain disorders, including dementia.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting the use of PBM, which were considered relevant to dementia.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Patients with and without Head Trauma.

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is one of the psychological problems that can increase the risk of accidents and trauma, especially head trauma. Recent studies have reported the frequency of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among trauma patients. Adult AD0HD has been reported in trauma patients.

Ceftriaxone Plus Methylprednisolone Combination Therapy Versus Methylprednisolone Monotherapy in Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: Guidelines do not suggest the routine use of methylprednisolone (MP) in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). We tested the hypothesis regarding whether combination therapy with ceftriaxone and MP is superior to MP monotherapy in patients with acute traumatic SCI.

Methods: In a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial, 60 patients with acute (first 8 hours of the injury) traumatic SCI were enrolled at the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, between December 2016 and June 2017.

Photobiomodulation for Parkinson's Disease in Animal Models: A Systematic Review.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) might be an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) in human patients. PBM of the brain uses red or near infrared light delivered from a laser or an LED at relatively low power densities, onto the head (or other body parts) to stimulate the brain and prevent degeneration of neurons. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra deep within the brain.

Therapeutic potential of intranasal photobiomodulation therapy for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: a narrative review.

The application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for neuronal stimulation is studied in different animal models and in humans, and has shown to improve cerebral metabolic activity and blood flow, and provide neuroprotection via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Recently, intranasal PBMT (i-PBMT) has become an attractive and potential method for the treatment of brain conditions. Herein, we provide a summary of different intranasal light delivery approaches including a nostril-based portable method and implanted deep-nasal methods for the effective systemic or direct irradiation of the brain.

Penetration Profiles of Visible and Near-Infrared Lasers and Light-Emitting Diode Light Through the Head Tissues in Animal and Human Species: A Review of Literature.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a promising and noninvasive approach to stimulate neuronal function and improve brain repair. The optimization of PBM parameters is important to maximize effectiveness and tolerability. Several studies have reported on the penetration of visible-to-near-infrared (NIR) light through various animal and human tissues.

Transcranial Photobiomodulation Improves Cognitive Performance in Young Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) is a noninvasive modality that may improve cognitive function in both healthy and diseased subjects. This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the question of whether t-PBM improves cognitive function in healthy adults. We searched MEDLINE using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to March 2019.

Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation and methylene blue on biochemical and behavioral profiles in mice stress model.

The effectiveness of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and methylene Blue (MB) in treating learning and memory impairments is previously reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of tPBM and MB in combination or alone on unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Fifty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to five groups: control, laser sham + normal saline (NS), tPBM + NS, laser sham + MB, and tPBM + MB.

Potential Application of Upconverting Nanoparticles for Brain Photobiomodulation.

Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of visible to near-infrared light for modulation or stimulation of the central nervous system in both healthy individuals and diseased conditions. Although the transcranial approach to delivering light to the head is the most common technique to stimulate the brain, delivery of light to deeper structures in the brain is still a challenge. The science of nanoparticle engineering in combination with biophotonic excitation could provide a way to overcome this problem.

An unusual case of intra orbital foreign body; diagnosis, management, and outcome: a case report.

Background: An orbitocranial injury with a penetrating Intraorbital Foreign Body (IOFB) is listed as a rare cause of penetrating trauma. Since this type of trauma is considered a surgical emergency, taking a thorough history along with careful examination to find out the mechanism and cause of the trauma is crucial towards correct diagnosis and management of the disease.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male patient was presented to the ER with an occupational craniofacial injury because of an IOFB.

Trends in Primary Brain Tumors: A 5-Year Retrospective Histologically Confirmed Study in Tabriz, Iran, 2011-2016.

Introduction: Tumors are the second-most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Due to the high prevalence and mortality rate, brain tumors are of great importance and makeup about 5% of all tumors. Different types of brain tumors have their special pattern based on age, sex, complaints on admission, radiological signs and sometimes, their family history and seem these patterns are changing according to the geographic region over time.

Infection in Disc Material and Different Antibiotic Susceptibility in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation.

Background: Low back pain is an important, worldwide clinical problem from which human populations are suffering. It has been suggested that is associated with low back pain. The objective of this clinical study is to evaluate the infection in the disc material and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with disc herniation.

Cystic Degeneration of Cerebellar Tonsil 1 Year After Chiari I Malformation Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Chiari malformation results from a bony structural anomaly of the skull base. The structural defect causes downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. The herniated tonsils block the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which causes a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms.

Rapid Reversal of Cognitive Decline, Olfactory Dysfunction, and Quality of Life Using Multi-Modality Photobiomodulation Therapy: Case Report.

We present a case report of reversal of cognitive impairment, olfactory dysfunction, and quality of life measures in a patient with cognitive decline after multi-modality photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Transcranial and intranasal PBM has been introduced as a light-based therapeutic technique in which exposure to low levels of red to near-infrared (NIR) light stimulates neuronal function, leading to beneficial neurological effects. Patient received twice-daily PBM therapy at home using three different wearable light-emitting diode (LED) devices.

Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation could modulate brain electrophysiological features and attentional performance in healthy young adults.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrophysiological effects of the photobiomodulation (PBM) by the quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) as a diagnostic method. The neurotherapeutic potential of transcranial PBM has been recently investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. According to the PBM mechanisms of action on increasing the cerebral blood flow and the neuronal firing, a change may occur in cortical electrical activity after transcranial PBM that could be revealed in qEEG.

Photobiomodulation and Coenzyme Q Treatments Attenuate Cognitive Impairment Associated With Model of Transient Global Brain Ischemia in Artificially Aged Mice.

Disturbances in mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, combined with neuroinflammation, play cardinal roles in the cognitive impairment during aging that is further exacerbated by transient cerebral ischemia. Both near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) and Coenzyme Q (CoQ) administration are known to stimulate mitochondrial electron transport that potentially may reverse the effects of cerebral ischemia in aged animals. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of PBM and CoQ, separately or in combination, improve cognition in a mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia superimposed on a model of aging.

A Protocol for Transcranial Photobiomodulation Therapy in Mice.

Transcranial photobiomodulation is a potential innovative noninvasive therapeutic approach for improving brain bioenergetics, brain function in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and memory enhancement in age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. We describe a laboratory protocol for transcranial photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in mice. Aged BALB/c mice (18 months old) are treated with a 660 nm laser transcranially, once daily for 2 weeks.

Near-infrared photobiomodulation combined with coenzyme Q for depression in a mouse model of restraint stress: reduction in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with coenzyme Q (CoQ) on depressive-like behavior, cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis markers in mice. To induce a depressive-like model, mice were subjected to sub-chronic restraint stress for 5 consecutive days. NIR PBM (810 nm laser, 33.

What do You Expect from Patients with Severe Head Trauma?

Background: Head trauma is one of the most common mortality and morbidity causes in adolescent. Numerous studies have been conducted on changes in laboratory results and mortality and morbidity prognostic factors; however, the obtained results have been varied and controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in laboratory findings and arterial blood gas (ABG) analyses test at admission and investigation of the relation between these changes with outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury.