From waste to resource: Effects of digested rotten potato supernatant on the growth, total biomass and nutrient composition of .

A study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of , a green microalga, in three different concentrations of digested rotten potato supernatant (DRPS) for 16 days. was grown in 20 % (T), 40 % (T), and 60 % (T) of the DRPS and at the same time in Bold Basal Medium (BBM) as a control (T). A significantly highest cell density of was found in T (192.

Exploring the nutritional potential of and enriched copepods as first feeds for rearing Nile tilapia () larvae.

One of the challenges in the aquaculture industry is providing nutritionally balanced and environmentally sustainable live food for fish larvae. Therefore, the rearing techniques of fish larvae with preferred starter food should be given importance for obtaining optimal hatchery production. Nile tilapia, larvae just after yolk absorption (body length 0.

A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Cognitive Training in the Treatment of Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder.

The one unifying and distinguishing feature of all neuropsychiatric illnesses is the co-occurrence of cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive training (CT) was developed to enhance neural connectivity and cognition and improve day-to-day functioning. However, the benefits of CT are still debated.

Ecology of freshwater harmful euglenophytes: A review.

A diverse array of aquatic ecosystems are inhabited by the euglenophytes, a group of autotrophic and eukaryotic organisms. In inland waterbodies, the red bloom is caused by a rapid development or accumulation of euglenophytes. Recent studies have designated euglenophytes as bioindicator of organic pollution.

Size dependent ingestion and effects of microplastics on survivability, hematology and intestinal histopathology of juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).

Microplastic pollution is drastically increasing in aquatic ecosystems and it is assumed that different sizes of microplastics have diverse impacts on the physiology of aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study was intended to examine the ingestion and size specific effects of polyamide microplastic (PA-MP) on different physiological aspects such as growth, feed utilization, survivability, blood parameters and intestinal histopathology of juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). In a 28-day exposure, the fish were fed with different sized PA-MP with a concentration of 500 mg per kg of feed in order to simulate highly microplastic contaminated environment.

Applications of Strain-Specific Probiotics in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systemic Review.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and novel approaches for prevention and management are needed. The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbiota that is crucial in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The formulation of effective probiotics, alone or in combination, has been under discussion due to their impact on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Comparative efficacy of cephradine-loaded silver and gold nanoparticles against resistant human pathogens.

Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are major health concerns worldwide. We successfully synthesized cephradine gold nanoparticles (Ceph-Au NPs) and cephradine silver nanoparticles (Ceph-Ag NPs) and compared their efficacy against resistant human pathogens. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results showed that average particle size of Ceph-Au NPs and Ceph-Ag NPs were 7 and 12 nm, respectively.

Nuclear and Cellular Abnormalities of Erythrocytes in Response to Thermal Stress in Common Carp .

As a consequence of global warming, increase of water temperature is likely to alter physiological functions of fish. Hence, we examined the effects of high temperature on blood glucose, hematological parameters [hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), and white blood cell (WBC)], and nuclear and cellular structure of blood cells of common carp () after exposure to three temperature regimes (27, 31, and 35°C) for 14 days. Fish were sacrificed on 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure.

Brucellosis As a Cause of Intestinal Perforation.

Brucellosis is a multisystem zoonotic infection. Patients usually presents with fever and nonspecific systemic symptoms but may rarely present with clinical presentation of an acute abdomen. In this case report, we present a 32-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of acute abdomen.

Effect of Environmental Factors on Cyanobacterial Abundance and Cyanotoxins Production in Natural and Drinking Water, Bangladesh.

Cyanobacterial blooms commonly appear during the summer months in ponds, lakes and reservoirs in Bangladesh. In these areas, fish mortality, odorous water and fish and human skin irritation and eye inflammation have been reported. The influence of physicochemical factors on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and its toxin levels were evaluated in natural and drinking water in Bangladesh.

Isolation and characterisation of three new anthraquinone secondary metabolites from Symplocos racemosa.

Three new anthraquinone secondary metabolites were isolated from Symplocos racemosa, a small tree of family symplocaceae. The structures of compounds (1-3) were elucidated to be 1,4-dihydroxy-6-(ethoxymethyl)-8-propylanthracene-9,10-dione (1), 1,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-8-butylanthracene-9,10-dione (2) and 1,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-8-propyl anthracene-9,10-dione (3) using their spectral data, i.e.

Biotransformation of monoterpenoids and their antimicrobial activities.

Biotransformation is an economically and ecologically viable technology which has been used extensively to modify the structures of many classes of biologically active products. The discovery of novel antimicrobial metabolites from biotransformation is an important alternative to overcome the increasing levels of drug resistance by plant and human pathogens. Monoterpenes, the main constituents of essential oils, are known for their antimicrobial activities.

Are medical undergraduates more likely to indulge in substance abuse than non-medical undergraduates? A survey from Karachi.

Objective: To determine frequency of substance abuse and the commonest substance of abuse among medical and non-medical undergraduates.

Study Design: Survey report.

Place And Duration Of Study: Dow International Medical College, Karachi, from June 2012 to August 2012.

Urease inhibitory activity of ursane type sulfated saponins from the aerial parts of Zygophyllum fabago Linn.

Five ursane type sulfated saponins have been isolated from the aerial parts of Zygophyllum fabago Linn. (locally called Chashum). The urease inhibitory effects of these compounds have been investigated for the first time as well as their molecular docking studies have also been carried out to check the structure-activity relationship.

Two new ballonigrin-type diterpenoids from the roots of Ballota limbata.

Two new ballonigrin type lactone diterpenoids, named ballonigrin lactone A and B, have been isolated from the roots of Ballota limbata. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based on spectroscopic {IR, 1H- and 3C-NMR, and 2D-NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY} and EI-MS data.

Two new triterpenoids from Zygophyllum eurypterum.

Two new triterpenoids trivially named as atriplicoide A and B were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the whole plant of Zygophyllum eurypterum. Based on EI-MS, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) data, the structures of the new compounds were determined as 30-carboxy-3beta,24-dihydroxy-urs-28,13beta-lactam-N-acetate (1) and 3beta,24-dihydroxyursan-28,13beta-olide (2).

A new eudesmane sesquiterpene from Pluchea arguta.

A new eudesmane sesquiterpene, pluchargen A (3-beta-[3'-chloro-2'-hydroxy-2'-methyl butyroyl]-cuauhtemone), was isolated from the whole plant of Pluchea arguta, and the structure was elucidated on the basis of 1- and 2-D NMR spectroscopic studies.

Two new diarylheptanoids from Alnus nitida.

Two new diarylheptanoids, trivially named nitidone A and nitidone B, have been isolated from Alnus nitida. The structure elucidation of the compounds was based primarily on 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data.

Two new glycosides from Conyza bonariensis.

Studies on Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. led to the isolation of two new glycosides trivially named as erigeside E and F (1-2), along with two new source compounds; benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 2-phenylethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4).

Study of harmful algal blooms in a eutrophic pond, Bangladesh.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the underlying mechanisms and contributing factors related to the seasonal dynamic of harmful algal blooms in a shallow eutrophic pond, Bangladesh during September 2005-July 2006. Two conspicuous events were noted simultaneously throughout the study period: high concentration of phosphate-phosphorus (>3.03; SD 1.

Diversolides A-G, guaianolides from the roots of Ferula diversivittata.

Seven sesquiterpene lactone derivatives, diversolides A-G (1-7), together with two known compounds, diversin (8) and stigmasterol, were isolated from the roots of Ferula diversivittata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D-(1H and 13C) and 2D-NMR experiments (DQF-COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) as well as high-resolution EIMS. Compounds 1, 4 and 6-8 were tested for their in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities.

New terpenoids from Stachys parviflora Benth.

Two new triterpenoidal saponins were isolated from the n-butanolic extract of Stachys parviflora (Lamiaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data as stachyssaponin A; 3beta, 15alpha, 19alpha, 21beta, 22alpha-pentahydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid 3-O-{alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside}-22-O-{alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside} (1) and stachyssaponin B; 2beta, 3beta, 15alpha, 21beta-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid 2-O-[alpha-L-arabinofuranoside]-3, 21-bis-O-[beta-D-glucopyranoside] (2).

Complete (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments of two new trans-clerodane diterpenoids from Otostegia limbata.

Two new tricyclic trans-clerodane diterpenoids trivially named as ballotenic acid A (1) and ballodiolic acid A (2) have been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Otostegia limbata. The structure assignments are based on (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra, 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY and NOE) techniques and comparison with the literature data.

Two new rare-class tetracyclic diterpenoids from Otostegia limbata.

Two new tetracyclic diterpenoids trivially named as limbatenolide D (1) and limbatenolide E (2) have been isolated from Otostegia limbata. The structure elucidation of the compounds was based primarily on two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques and on comparison with the literature data.

Microcystins (cyanobacterial toxins) in surface waters of rural Bangladesh: pilot study.

In Bangladesh the exposure of millions of inhabitants to water from (shallow) tube wells contaminated with high geogenic loads of arsenic is a major concern. As an alternative to the costly drilling of deep wells, the return to the use of surface water as a source of drinking water is considered. In addition to the well-known hazards of water borne infectious diseases associated with the use of surface water, recently the potential public health implications of toxic cyanobacteria have been recognized.